jadeite 翡翠

翡翠
百科名片
翡翠翡翠，也称翡翠玉、翠玉、硬玉、缅甸玉，是玉的一种，颜色呈翠绿色（称之翠）或红色（称之翡）。是在地质作用过程中形成的主要由硬玉、绿辉石和钠铬辉石组成的达到玉级的多晶集合体。另外在动漫中也有以“翡翠”为名的人物形象出现。

目录

简介
基本特征
名称
翡翠的形成
常见品种老坑种翡翠
冰种翡翠
水种翡翠
紫罗兰翡翠
白底青翡翠
花青翡翠
红翡
黄棕翡
豆种翡翠
芙蓉种翡翠
马牙种翡翠
藕粉种翡翠
广片
翠丝种翡翠
金丝种
油青翡翠
巴山玉
干白种翡翠
墨翠
铁龙生
相关常识评价翡翠术语
翡翠的地子
切工
裂纹
经济评价因素
分级
光泽
透明度
结构
净度
处理方法鉴别评估
选购
保养
加工工艺
中国四大国宝翡翠翡翠景观《岱岳奇观》
翡翠花薰《含香聚瑞》
翡翠花篮《群芳览胜》
翡翠插屏《四海腾欢》
《机巧魔神》中的翡翠
翡翠的寓意人物篇
动物篇
植物篇
其他
图书《翡翠》基本信息
内容简介
图书目录
简介
基本特征
名称
翡翠的形成
常见品种 老坑种翡翠
冰种翡翠
水种翡翠
紫罗兰翡翠
白底青翡翠
花青翡翠
红翡
黄棕翡
豆种翡翠
芙蓉种翡翠
马牙种翡翠
藕粉种翡翠
广片
翠丝种翡翠
金丝种
油青翡翠
巴山玉
干白种翡翠
墨翠
铁龙生
相关常识 评价翡翠术语
翡翠的地子
切工
裂纹
经济评价因素
分级
光泽
透明度
结构
净度
处理方法 鉴别评估
选购
保养
加工工艺
中国四大国宝翡翠 翡翠景观《岱岳奇观》
翡翠花薰《含香聚瑞》
翡翠花篮《群芳览胜》
翡翠插屏《四海腾欢》
《机巧魔神》中的翡翠翡翠的寓意
人物篇 动物篇 植物篇 其他图书《翡翠》
基本信息 内容简介 图书目录展开 编辑本段简介
　　英文名称jadeite，源于西班牙语plcdode jade的简称，意为佩戴在腰部的宝石。 　　翡翠的名称来源有几种说法，一说来自鸟名，这种鸟的羽毛非常鲜艳，雄性的羽毛呈红色，名翡鸟，雌性的羽毛呈绿色，名翠鸟，合称翡翠，所以，行业内有翡为公，翠为母说法。明朝时，缅甸玉传入中国后，就冠以“翡翠”之名。另一说古代“翠”专指新疆和田出产的绿玉，翡翠传入中国后，为了与和田田绿玉区分，称其为“非翠”，后渐演变为“翡翠”。 　　 翡翠原石
翡翠属辉石类，单斜晶系、完全解理。主要组成物为硅酸铝钠(NaAlSi2O6，宝石矿中含有超过50%以上的硅酸铝钠才被视为翡翠)，出产于低温高压下生成的变质岩层中。往往伴生在蓝闪石、白云母、硬柱石（二水钙长石）、霰石和石英。莫氏硬度在6.5—7之间，比重在3.25—3.35之间，熔点介于900—1000°C之间。 　　从广义上讲翡翠是指具有商业价值，达到宝石级硬玉岩的商业名称，是各种颜色宝石级硬玉岩的总称。狭义的翡翠概念是单指那些绿色的宝石级硬玉岩。地质学称翡翠为以硬玉矿物为主的辉石类矿物组成的纤维状集合体，并主要是以Cr（铬）为致色元素的硬玉岩。达到宝石级的翡翠单从组分上讲，非常接近硬玉的理论值。是一种最珍贵、价值最高的玉石，被称为“玉石之冠”。还由于深受东方一些国家和地区人们的喜爱，因而被国际珠宝界称为“东方之宝”。 　　早期翡翠并不名贵，身价也不高，不为世人所重视，纪晓岚（1724--1805）在《阅微草堂笔记》中写道：“盖物之轻重，各以其时之时尚无定滩也，记余幼时，人参、珊瑚、青金石，价皆不贵，今则日。......云南翡翠玉，当时不以玉视之，不过如蓝田乾黄，强名以玉耳，今则为珍玩，价远出真玉上矣”。由此可知，18世纪初，古人不认为翡翠是玉，翡翠价格低廉，至18世纪末，翡翠已是昂贵的珍玩了。另据《石雅》得知本世纪初大约45公斤重的翡翠石子值十一英镑。翡翠石子中不乏精华，当时价格也很贵，但与现在，一公斤特级翡翠七八十万美金相比，简直是小巫见大巫。 　　翡翠开采、运输、加工、销售历来是云南人所为。在缅甸古都阿摩罗补罗城的一座中国式古庙里，碑文上刻有5000个中国翡翠商的名字，这在玉缘和珠宝也有介绍。明中叶高官太监驻守保山腾冲专门采购珠宝。当时从永昌腾越至缅甸密支那一线已有“玉石路”、“宝井路”之称。腾冲至缅甸的商道最兴盛时每天有2万多匹骡马穿行其间，腾冲的珠宝交易几乎占了世界玉石交易的9成。到1950年，腾冲县在缅甸的华侨达30余万人。直到今天，云南人在缅甸从事翡翠业的达数万。几款翡翠饰品(5张)
编辑本段基本特征
　　（1） 化学成分：硅酸盐铝钠——NaAI〔Si2 O6〕，常含Ca、Cr、Ni、Mn、Mg、Fe等微量元素。 　　（2） 矿物成分：以硬玉为主，次为绿辉石、钠铬辉石、霓石、角闪石、钠长石等。
（3） 结晶特点：单斜晶系，常呈柱状、纤维状、毡状致密集合体，原料呈块状次生料为砾石状。 　　（4） 硬 度：6.5——7.5。 　　（5） 解 理：细粒集合体无解理；粗大颗粒在断面上可见闪闪发亮的“蝇翅”。 　　（6） 光 泽：油脂光泽至玻璃光泽。 　　（7） 透 明 度：半透明至不透明。 　　（8） 相对密度：3.30——3.36，通常为3.33。 　　（9） 折 射 率：1.65——1.67，在折射仪上1.66附近有一较模糊的阴影边界。 　　（10） 颜 色：颜色丰富多彩，其中绿色为上品，按颜色可分为三种类型；①、皮类颜色；指翡翠最外层表皮的颜色，其形成与后期风化作用有关。这类颜色为各种深浅不同的红色、黄色和灰色，其特点在靠近原料的外皮部分呈近同心状。红色常称为翡；②、地子色：又称“底子”颜色，有底色之意，指绿色以外的其他颜色，为深浅不同的白色、油色、藕粉、灰色等；③、绿类颜色；指翡翠的本色，这类颜色的特点为各种深浅不同的绿色。有时绿中包含着黑色。绿色常称为翠。 　　（11） 发 光 性：浅色翡翠在长波紫外光中发出暗淡的白光荧光，短波紫外光下无反应。
编辑本段名称
　　翡翠之名由来已久，北宋欧阳修《归田录》卷二载：“余（欧阳修）家有一玉罂，形制甚古而精巧，始得之梅圣俞，以为碧玉。在颍州时，尝以示僚属。坐有兵马钤辖邓保吉者，真宗朝老内臣也，识之，曰：此宝器也，谓之翡翠。云禁中宝物皆藏宜圣库，库中有翡翠盏一只，所以识也。”由此可见以“翡翠”指绿色玉石由来已久，且至迟在北宋时，已被视为珍宝。或许古之“翡翠”与今之“翡翠”系同名异质，故纪晓岚称在其幼时，时人“不以玉视之”。（注：欧阳修《归田录》载于《欧阳文忠公全集》，为第126、127卷）
编辑本段翡翠的形成
　　翡翠是如何形成的？民间有很多神奇的传说；地质学家以前一直把它看成一个谜，曾有人认为翡翠与钻石一样，都是在地壳深部几千度高温，高压条件下结晶形成的，其实不然；美国不少地球物理学家在实验室做了大量的仿真实验，再结合世界各地发现翡翠矿床的实际情况，他们认为，翡翠并不是在高温情况下形成的，而是在低温条件下在极高压力下变质形成的。 　　日本东北大学砂川一郎教授在《话说宝石》（1983年出版）一书中，更具体指出翡翠是在一万个大气压和比较低的温度（200 - 300℃）下形成的。我们知道地球由地表到深部，越往深处温度越高，压力也越大。但翡翠既是在低温高压条件下结晶形成，当然不可能处于较深部分，那么高压究竟从何而来呢？ 　　这高压是由于地壳运动引起的挤压力所形成的，现已获得证实，凡是有翡翠矿床分布的区域，均是地壳运动较强烈的地带。 　　还有另外一个因素是：凡发现有翡翠形成的地方均有含钠长石的火成岩侵入体（中─基性岩）。钠长石的化学成份为 NaAlSi3O8，所以可以推测翡翠是在低温、高压条件下由含钠长石的岩石去硅作用而形成的。 　　若要成为特级硬玉——翡翠，还须具备以下条件，翡翠围岩必须是高镁高钙低铁岩石。这种环境产出的翡翠更纯净，少铁使底不发灰。尽管低铁但还是有铁的存在，要翡翠十分纯净无杂质，还须在强还原条件下，即在还原环境中生成。因为在缺氧环境中，它所含的Fe会形成磁铁矿而析出，而不进入翡翠的晶格内，可使翡翠绿更正。再者要有生成翡翠后的地质作用及多次强烈的热液活动，把翡翠改造得绿正、水好、底纯的特级翡翠。翡翠成色过程是伴随着热液活动进行的，为多期强度不同的成色过程。而且缓慢分解成铬离子的致色元素，要长时间处在150-300℃，最佳温度是在212℃左右下，铬离子才能均匀不间断地进入晶格，在这种条件下生成的翡翠绿色非常均匀。完全生成特级翡翠后，还不能有大的地质构造运动，否则将会产生大小不等，方向不同的裂纹而影响质量。以上各条件很难同时具备，这就是为什么特级翡翠稀少的原因。
编辑本段常见品种
　　市场中有哪些常见的翡翠品种? 翡翠
老坑种翡翠
　　商业界俗称“老坑玻璃种”，通常具玻璃光泽，其质地细腻纯净无瑕疵，颜色为纯正、明亮、浓郁、均匀的翠绿色；老坑种翡翠硬玉晶粒很细，因此，凭肉眼极难见到“翠性”；老坑种翡翠在光的照射下呈半透明一透明状，是翡翠中的上品或极品。
冰种翡翠
　　质地与老坑种有相似之处，无色或少色，冰种的特征是外层表面上光泽很好，半透明至透明，清亮似冰，给人以冰清玉莹的感觉 。若冰种翡翠中有絮花状或断断续续的脉带状的蓝颜色，则称这样的翡翠为“蓝花冰”，是冰种翡翠中的一个常见的品种 。冰种玉料常用来制作手镯或挂件 。无色的冰种翡翠和“蓝花冰”翡翠的价值没有明显的高低之分，其实际价格主要取决于人们的喜好 。冰种是中上档或中档层次的翡翠。
水种翡翠
　　其玉质的结构略粗于老坑玻璃种，光泽、透明度也略低于老坑玻璃种而与冰种相似或相当 。其特点是通透如水但光泽柔和，细观其内部结构，可见少许的“波纹”，或有少量暗裂 翡翠手镯
和石纹，偶尔还可见极少的杂质、棉柳 。有行家说水种翡翠是色淡或无色的、质量稍差的老坑种翡翠。是翡翠中的中上档、偶见上档的一个品种。
紫罗兰翡翠
　　这是一种颜色像紫罗兰花的紫色翡翠，珠宝界又将紫罗兰色称为“椿”或“春色” 。具有“春色”的翡翠有高、中、低各个档次，并非是只要是紫罗兰，就一定值钱，一定是上品，还须结合质地、透明度、工艺制作水平等质量指标进行综合评价。 　　翡翠上的紫色一般不深，翡翠界根据紫色色调深浅的不同，将翡翠中的紫色划分为粉紫、茄紫和蓝紫，粉紫通常质地较细，透明度较好，茄紫次之，蓝紫再次之 。
白底青翡翠
　　白底青的特点是底白如雪，绿色在白色的底子上 翡翠
显得很鲜艳，白绿分明 。这一品种的翡翠极易识别：绿色在白底上呈斑状分布，透明度差，为不透明或微透明；玉件具纤维和细粒镶嵌结构，但以细粒结构为主；在显微镜下观察(须放大30～40倍)，其表面常见孔眼或凹凸不平的结构。 　　该品种多为中档翡翠，少数绿白分明、绿色艳丽且色形好，色、底非常协调的，可达中高档品品级。
花青翡翠
　　颜色翠绿呈脉状分布，极不规则；质地有粗有细，半透明 。其底色为浅绿色或其他颜色 。如浅灰色或豆青色，其结构主要为纤维和细粒一中粒结构。花青翡翠的特点是绿色不均 。有的较密集，有的较为疏落，色有深也有浅 。花青翡翠中还有一种结构只呈粒状，水感不足，因其结构粗糙，所以透明度往往很差 。花青属中档或中低档品级的翡翠。
红翡
　　颜色鲜红或橙红的翡翠，在市场中很容易见到 。红翡的颜色是 翡翠
硬玉晶体生成后才形成的，系赤铁矿浸染所致 。其特点为亮红色或深红色，好的红翡色佳，具有玻璃光泽，其透明度为半透明状，红翡制品常为中档或中低档商品，但也有高档的红翡：色泽明丽、质地细腻、非常漂亮，是受人们喜爱的，具有吉庆色彩的翡翠。
黄棕翡
　　颜色从黄到棕黄或褐黄的翡翠，透明程度较低 。这一系列颜色的翡翠制品在市场中随处可见 。它们的颜色也是硬玉晶体生成后才形成，常常分布于红色层之上，是由褐铁矿浸染所致。在市场中，红翡的价值高于黄翡，黄翡则高于棕黄翡，褐黄翡的价格又次之 。但也有因人的喜爱及饰品别具特色而使其价格有别于常规的情况 。
豆种翡翠
　　简称豆种，豆种翡翠是翡翠家族中的一个很常见的品种 。
芙蓉种翡翠
　　简称芙蓉种，这一品种的翡翠一般为淡绿色，不含黄色调，绿得较为清澈、纯正，有时其底子略带粉红色 。
马牙种翡翠
　　其质地虽然较细，但不透明，表面的光泽如同瓷器 。
藕粉种翡翠
　　其质地细腻如同藕粉种，颜色呈浅粉紫红色(浅春色)，是良好的工艺品原料 。
广片
　　特点是在自然光下绿得发暗或发黑，质地较粗水头较干 。
翠丝种翡翠
　　这是一种质地、颜色俱佳的翡翠，在市场中属中高档次的玉 。
金丝种
　　在浅底之中含有黄色的、橙黄色的色形呈条状，丝状平行排列且定向结构发育明显的翡翠，除颜色与翠丝种不同外，其他特征与翠丝种相同 。但通常金丝种翡翠的价格低于翠丝种翡翠。
油青翡翠
　　简称油青种或油浸，其通透度和光泽看起来有油亮感，是市场中随处可见的中低档翡翠，常用其制作挂件、手镯，也有做成戒面的 。油青种的绿色明显不纯，含有灰色、蓝色的成分，因此较为沉闷，不够鲜艳。
巴山玉
　　“巴山玉”原石是一种晶料粗大、结构疏松，水干、底差的“砖头料”，但其颜色比较丰富，有淡紫、浅绿、绿或蓝灰等颜色，是一种品级较低，含有闪石、钠长石等矿物的特殊翡翠。
干白种翡翠
　　是质地粗、透明度不佳的白色或浅灰白色翡翠 。翡翠行家对其的评价是：种粗、水干、不润 。此品种无色或色浅，凭肉眼即可见到晶粒间的界限，故外表结构粗糙，使用及观赏价值低，是一个低档次的翡翠品种。
墨翠
　　初看黑得发亮，很容易使人误认为是独山玉中的墨玉或其他的黑色宝玉石，但在透射光下观察，则是呈半透明状，且黑中透绿，特别是薄片状的墨翠，在透射光下颜色喜人。缅甸人用“情人的影子”来形容黑色的硬玉，中国人为其取名为“墨翠” 。
铁龙生
　　满绿色的玉件。 　　其矿藏90年发现94年公开开采2000年已近枯竭，市场上成色好的铁龙生由为稀少。
编辑本段相关常识
评价翡翠术语
　　评价翡翠有“地”、“好水”、“翠得好”等术语。“地”指翡翠中其他颜色，玉少翠多为上品；“好水”指翡翠质地细嫩润滑，通透清澈，晶莹凝重，碧亮喜人，也称 翡翠戒指
之为“俏”，反之称“水差”；“翠得好”当合“浓、阳、正、和”四字，“浓”是指浓而不淡，如雨后冬青，“阳”是指鲜艳明亮，“正”指无杂色、邪色相混，“和”是指翠得均匀无深浅之分，反之则称“淡、阴、邪、花”。
翡翠的地子
　　玻璃地 　　完全透明，玻璃光泽。 翡翠的透明度与宝石不同。好的玻璃地 镯子看上去透明如水晶，无杂质。 　　冰地 　　冰地次于玻璃地全物通透如冰，即通明中如有一层薄雾，似净水封冻、凝滞。 　　水地 　　透明如水，玻璃光泽。 与玻璃地相似，有少量的杂质。 　　蛋青地 　　质地如同鸡蛋青，玻璃光泽。 半透明，但比较纯正，无杂质。 　　鼻涕地 　　质地如同青鼻涕，玻璃光泽。 半透明，但比较纯正，少量杂质。 　　青水地 　　质地透明，但泛青绿色 是带青绿色的水地品种，因色干扰，不如水地品种。 　　灰水地 　　质地半透明，但泛灰色。 因有灰色，质量又比青水地又差。 　　紫水地 　　质地半透明，但泛紫色调。 与紫罗兰不同的是强调透明，实际上是半透明的紫罗兰。 　　浑水地 　　质地半透明，象浑水。 透明度差的水地。 　　细白地 　　半透明，细腻色白。 如果光泽好，也是好的玉雕原料。 　　白沙地 　　半透明，有沙性，白色。 不细腻的细白地。 　　灰沙地 　　半透明，有沙性，灰色。 不细腻的灰色白沙地。 　　豆青地 　　半透明，豆青色地子。 实际上是豆青色地半透明品种。 　　紫花地 　　半透明，有不均匀的紫花。 为颜色不均匀的紫罗兰。 　　青花地 　　半透明至不透明，有青色 石花。 质地不均匀，只适合做玉雕。 　　白花地 　　半透明至不透明，质糙亦有石花 　　瓷地 　　半透明至不透明，白色。 干白地 　　不透明，白色。 　　糙白地 　　不透明，粗糙，白色。 　　糙灰地 　　不透明，粗糙，灰色。 　　狗屎地 　　褐色，黑褐色。
切工
　　翡翠成品加工分为光身成品和雕花成品两大类。 　　光身制品对原料要求较高，不能有裂纹，因为一有裂纹就很容易见到。有裂纹的翡翠，大都用来做花件，通过雕刻手法可以掩盖裂纹。 　　因此在评价光身成品与花件时，在同样质量的情况下，光身制品要贵过花件雕品，当然有特别精湛的雕玉则例外。
裂纹
　　裂纹的存在往往是翡翠成品的致命伤，有了裂纹，翡翠的价值会大减，尤其对于高档翡翠来讲。 　　一般可用电筒，用透视光照，有裂纹就很容易看到。
经济评价因素
　　1. 透明度：半透明则最佳，太透或不透明都不好。 　　2. 结构：颗粒越细越好。 　　3. 净度：无瑕疵的最佳。 　　4. 切工：“玉不琢不成器“设计，雕琢的造型，抛光，款式新颖。
分级
　　①特级：艳绿色（祖母绿色）、苹果绿色，玻璃地（半透明、质地细腻），均匀鲜艳，无杂质，无裂纹。 　　②商品级：绿色，油青地，微透明、间杂半透明的祖母绿色细脉和斑点翠。 　　③普通级：藕粉地、豆绿色、浅绿色，白色细腻，微透明。不透明翡翠，一般只做玉料首饰。
光泽
　　翡翠呈现玻璃光泽，半透明或透明。翡翠因含有不同的染色离子而呈现各种颜色：通常有白、红、绿、紫。黄、粉等。纯净无杂质者为白色，若含有铬元素，则呈现出柔润艳丽的淡绿、深绿色，名之为翠。此品种最为名贵，极受人们的珍视喜爱。若含锰则呈现淡紫色、深紫色，常称为春地或藕粉地。含铁元素，则呈现暗红、褐红、赭红色，被人们称为翡。含铬和铜元素，则呈现淡蓝、淡青色，人称橄榄水。高档翡翠除颜色好之外，质地也极其重要。一般颜色鲜嫩漂亮，质地较透明，玻璃光泽强者为上品。相反，质地发干，透明度较差的品种次之。
透明度
　　翡翠是多晶体，多数为半透明，甚至不透明。不可能象单晶体宝石如祖母绿那样透明，使光线可以自由透过，显得很晶莹。
结构
　　指的是组成翡翠的结晶微粒的粗细，结晶体的形状及其结合的方式。行话称结构为“底”，有称“地”。
净度


翡翠

hisui

百科名片

Encyclopedia card

翡翠翡翠，也称翡翠玉、翠玉、硬玉、缅甸玉，是玉的一种，颜色呈翠绿色（称之翠）或红色（称之翡）。是在地质作用过程中形成的主要由硬玉、绿辉石和钠铬辉石组成的达到玉级的多晶集合体。另外在动漫中也有以“翡翠”为名的人物形象出现。

Jadeite jade, also called the jadeite jade, jade, jade, Burma jade, hard is jade, color showed emerald (called the cui) or red (called the fei). In geological process of main by hard jade, green pyroxene and sodium chromium pyroxene composed of multiple wafer level reached jade aggregation. In the cartoon also have to "the name of" jade characters appear.



目录

directory



简介

introduction

基本特征

Basic features

名称

name

翡翠的形成

Formation of jadeite

常见品种老坑种翡翠

Common breed old pit of jade

冰种翡翠

Ice kind of jadeite

水种翡翠

Water kind of jadeite

紫罗兰翡翠

Violet jade

白底青翡翠

Two-color green jade

花青翡翠

Flower green jade

红翡

Red fei

黄棕翡

Yellow brown fei

豆种翡翠

DouZhong hisui

芙蓉种翡翠

Lotus kind of jadeite

马牙种翡翠

Horse tooth kind of jadeite

藕粉种翡翠

OuFen kind of jadeite

广片

Broad slice

翠丝种翡翠

Cui silk kind of jadeite

金丝种

Gold-rimmed kind of

油青翡翠

Oil green jade

巴山玉

Bashan jade

干白种翡翠

Dry white kind of jadeite

墨翠

Ink cui

铁龙生

TieLong born

相关常识评价翡翠术语

Relevant knowledge evaluation hisui terminology

翡翠的地子

Hisui land son

切工

cutters

裂纹

crack

经济评价因素

Economic evaluation factors

分级

grading

光泽

burnish

透明度

transparency

结构

structure

净度

clarity

处理方法鉴别评估

Processing method to identify evaluation

选购

The choose and buy

保养

maintenance

加工工艺

Processing technology

中国四大国宝翡翠翡翠景观《岱岳奇观》

Four Chinese national treasure jade jade landscape "haidai yue wonders"

翡翠花薰《含香聚瑞》

Hisui flower embalm the contained sweet poly Carrie

翡翠花篮《群芳览胜》

Hisui LanSheng "basket" qunfang

翡翠插屏《四海腾欢》

Hisui leaps huan of the universal ChaBing

《机巧魔神》中的翡翠

"Cleverness moshen." the jade

翡翠的寓意人物篇

Hisui of allegorical personages articles

动物篇

Animal article

植物篇

Plant article

其他

other

图书《翡翠》基本信息

Book "jade" basic information

内容简介

Content abstract

图书目录

Book catalogue

简介

introduction

基本特征

Basic features

名称

name

翡翠的形成

The formation of jadeite

常见品种 老坑种翡翠

Common breed old pit of jade

冰种翡翠

Ice kind of jadeite

水种翡翠

Water kind of jadeite

紫罗兰翡翠

Violet jade

白底青翡翠

Green jade white white

花青翡翠

Flower green jade

红翡

Red fei

黄棕翡

Yellow brown fei

豆种翡翠

DouZhong hisui

芙蓉种翡翠

Lotus kind of jadeite

马牙种翡翠

Horse tooth kind of jadeite

藕粉种翡翠

OuFen kind of jadeite

广片

Broad slice

翠丝种翡翠

Cui silk kind of jadeite

金丝种

Gold-rimmed kind of

油青翡翠

Oil green jade

巴山玉

Bashan jade

干白种翡翠

Dry white kind of jadeite

墨翠

Ink cui

铁龙生

TieLong born

相关常识 评价翡翠术语

Relevant knowledge evaluation hisui terminology

翡翠的地子

Hisui land son

切工

cutters

裂纹

crack

经济评价因素

Economic evaluation factors

分级

classification

光泽

burnish

透明度

transparency

结构

structure

净度

clarity

处理方法 鉴别评估

Processing method to identify evaluation

选购

Choose and buy

保养

maintenance

加工工艺

Processing technology

中国四大国宝翡翠 翡翠景观《岱岳奇观》

Four Chinese national treasure jade jade landscape "haidai yue wonders"

翡翠花薰《含香聚瑞》

Hisui flower embalm the contained sweet poly Carrie

翡翠花篮《群芳览胜》

Hisui LanSheng "basket" qunfang

翡翠插屏《四海腾欢》

Hisui leaps huan of the universal ChaBing

《机巧魔神》中的翡翠翡翠的寓意

"Cleverness moshen." the jade jade's morals

人物篇 动物篇 植物篇 其他图书《翡翠》

Characters article animal article plant article other books "jade"

基本信息 内容简介 图书目录展开 编辑本段简介

Basic information content abstract books on editing this paragraph introduction catalog

　　英文名称jadeite，源于西班牙语plcdode jade的简称，意为佩戴在腰部的宝石。 　　翡翠的名称来源有几种说法，一说来自鸟名，这种鸟的羽毛非常鲜艳，雄性的羽毛呈红色，名翡鸟，雌性的羽毛呈绿色，名翠鸟，合称翡翠，所以，行业内有翡为公，翠为母说法。明朝时，缅甸玉传入中国后，就冠以“翡翠”之名。另一说古代“翠”专指新疆和田出产的绿玉，翡翠传入中国后，为了与和田田绿玉区分，称其为“非翠”，后渐演变为“翡翠”。 　　 翡翠原石

English name, from the Spanish plcdode jadeite jade abbreviation, meaning for wearing on the waist gems. Hisui's name, said that there are several sources from bird name, this bird's feather brightly, the male feathers red, name, the female fei bird green feather, name kingfishers, called jadeite, therefore, different industries fei for public, cui for his claim. The Ming dynasty, the Burma jade introduced to China after he dubbed "the name of the" jade. Another said ancient "cui" shall mean the xinjiang hetian jade, jade produce green introduced to China, to TianTian green jade with and divisional, called it "the cui", after increasing developed into "jade". Hisui original rock

翡翠属辉石类，单斜晶系、完全解理。主要组成物为硅酸铝钠(NaAlSi2O6，宝石矿中含有超过50%以上的硅酸铝钠才被视为翡翠)，出产于低温高压下生成的变质岩层中。往往伴生在蓝闪石、白云母、硬柱石（二水钙长石）、霰石和石英。莫氏硬度在6.5—7之间，比重在3.25—3.35之间，熔点介于900—1000°C之间。 　　从广义上讲翡翠是指具有商业价值，达到宝石级硬玉岩的商业名称，是各种颜色宝石级硬玉岩的总称。狭义的翡翠概念是单指那些绿色的宝石级硬玉岩。地质学称翡翠为以硬玉矿物为主的辉石类矿物组成的纤维状集合体，并主要是以Cr（铬）为致色元素的硬玉岩。达到宝石级的翡翠单从组分上讲，非常接近硬玉的理论值。是一种最珍贵、价值最高的玉石，被称为“玉石之冠”。还由于深受东方一些国家和地区人们的喜爱，因而被国际珠宝界称为“东方之宝”。 　　早期翡翠并不名贵，身价也不高，不为世人所重视，纪晓岚（1724--1805）在《阅微草堂笔记》中写道：“盖物之轻重，各以其时之时尚无定滩也，记余幼时，人参、珊瑚、青金石，价皆不贵，今则日。......云南翡翠玉，当时不以玉视之，不过如蓝田乾黄，强名以玉耳，今则为珍玩，价远出真玉上矣”。由此可知，18世纪初，古人不认为翡翠是玉，翡翠价格低廉，至18世纪末，翡翠已是昂贵的珍玩了。另据《石雅》得知本世纪初大约45公斤重的翡翠石子值十一英镑。翡翠石子中不乏精华，当时价格也很贵，但与现在，一公斤特级翡翠七八十万美金相比，简直是小巫见大巫。 　　翡翠开采、运输、加工、销售历来是云南人所为。在缅甸古都阿摩罗补罗城的一座中国式古庙里，碑文上刻有5000个中国翡翠商的名字，这在玉缘和珠宝也有介绍。明中叶高官太监驻守保山腾冲专门采购珠宝。当时从永昌腾越至缅甸密支那一线已有“玉石路”、“宝井路”之称。腾冲至缅甸的商道最兴盛时每天有2万多匹骡马穿行其间，腾冲的珠宝交易几乎占了世界玉石交易的9成。到1950年，腾冲县在缅甸的华侨达30余万人。直到今天，云南人在缅甸从事翡翠业的达数万。几款翡翠饰品(5张)

Hisui genera pyroxene classes, single crystal is inclined, fully cleavage. Main composition content is guisuanlu: sodium (NaAlSi2O6, gem ore contains more than 50% guisuanlu: sodium can be recognized as halcyon), produced in low temperature high-pressure metamorphic strata generated. Often associated in blue flashing stone, white mica, hard pillar (2), water calcium feldspar aragonite and quartz. Mok's hardness in between, a proportion of 6.5-7 in 325-335 between, melting point between 900-1000 ° C between. In a broad sense hisui is refers has commercial value, achieve gem grade hard jade rock business name, it is all sorts of color gem grade hard rock the floorboard of jade. Narrow sense of jadeite concept is single those green jade gem grade hard rock. Geology says jadeite jade for with hard mineral primarily pyroxene class mineral composition fibrous aggregation, and is mainly by Cr (Cr) for cause color elements of rock hard jade. Achieve the jadeite gem grade single from components of speaking, is very close to the hard jade the theoretical value. Is a kind of the most valuable, most valuable jade, called "jade coronal". Also because by some Oriental countries and regions of people love and so was international jewellery bounded called "Oriental treasure". Early hisui is not rare, value is not high also, not for the world attention and ji xiaolan (1724-1805) in the reading notes "in tiny cottage wrote:" the cover of content weight, each in time of fashion, remember the wuding beach also more, ginseng, coral, youth, lapis are not expensive, this price is day.... yunnan jadeite jade, had not to regard as jade, but lantian dry yellow, strong name with jade ears, this is the real value is valuable curios, jade on yi ". Predictably, 18th century, the ancients don't think jadeite jade, jade is cheap, to the 18th century, the emerald already is expensive rarities. Another according to the stone jas "that at the beginning of this century about 45 kilos of emerald gravel value 11 pounds. Emerald gravel no shortage of essence, when the price is expensive, but now, a kilogram of super hisui compared 7.8 million dollars, it is only a fraction. Jade mining, transportation, the processing, the sale is always yunnan people act. In myanmar, o ancient capital of a Chinese luocheng supplement row, inscription engraved with the ancient temple 5000 China emerald business name, in the jade margin and jewelry also has introduced. Mid-ming period official eunuch stationed in baoshan segmented special purchasing jewelry. At that time the Burma from yongchang Banks MiZhiNa first existing "jade road", "bao Wells road," said. Segmented to Burma's most prosperous business every day have more than 20,000 horse mules alive through the segmented, meanwhile, jewel trading accounted for almost world jade trade nine percent. By 1950, TengChongXian in myanmar overseas Chinese of more than 30 million people. Until today, yunnan people in Burma jade of tens of thousands of engaged in possession. Several kinds of jade jewelry (5 copies)

编辑本段基本特征

Edit this paragraph basic characteristics

　　（1） 化学成分：硅酸盐铝钠——NaAI〔Si2 O6〕，常含Ca、Cr、Ni、Mn、Mg、Fe等微量元素。 　　（2） 矿物成分：以硬玉为主，次为绿辉石、钠铬辉石、霓石、角闪石、钠长石等。

(1) chemical composition: sodium silicate aluminum NaAI [Si2 O6 -), often contain Ca, Cr, Ni, Mn, Mg, Fe trace elements. (2) mineral composition: with hard jade is given priority to, times for green pyroxene, sodium chromium pyroxene, neon stone, stone, albite angular shem, etc.

（3） 结晶特点：单斜晶系，常呈柱状、纤维状、毡状致密集合体，原料呈块状次生料为砾石状。 　　（4） 硬 度：6.5——7.5。 　　（5） 解 理：细粒集合体无解理；粗大颗粒在断面上可见闪闪发亮的“蝇翅”。 　　（6） 光 泽：油脂光泽至玻璃光泽。 　　（7） 透 明 度：半透明至不透明。 　　（8） 相对密度：3.30——3.36，通常为3.33。 　　（9） 折 射 率：1.65——1.67，在折射仪上1.66附近有一较模糊的阴影边界。 　　（10） 颜 色：颜色丰富多彩，其中绿色为上品，按颜色可分为三种类型；①、皮类颜色；指翡翠最外层表皮的颜色，其形成与后期风化作用有关。这类颜色为各种深浅不同的红色、黄色和灰色，其特点在靠近原料的外皮部分呈近同心状。红色常称为翡；②、地子色：又称“底子”颜色，有底色之意，指绿色以外的其他颜色，为深浅不同的白色、油色、藕粉、灰色等；③、绿类颜色；指翡翠的本色，这类颜色的特点为各种深浅不同的绿色。有时绿中包含着黑色。绿色常称为翠。 　　（11） 发 光 性：浅色翡翠在长波紫外光中发出暗淡的白光荧光，短波紫外光下无反应。

(3) crystallization features: single crystal is inclined, often with a cylindrical, dense fibrous, felt shape a massive times aggregation, raw materials for gravel shape raw. (4) hard degrees: 6.5-7.5. (5) solution principle: fine grained aggregation without cleavage, Bulky particles in section is visible on the shiny "fly wing". (6) light ze: grease luster to vitreous burnish. (7) through lightness: translucent to opaque. (8) the relative density: 3.30 3.36, usually a 3.33 -. (9) fold shoot rate: 1.65-1.67, measured in refraction 1.66 nearby is a fuzzy shadow boundary. (10) yan color: color rich and colorful, including green is top grade, according to colour can be divided into three types; (1), skin of color, Refers to the outer epidermis of jade color, its formation and later weathering relevant. This kind of color for various shades of red, yellow and gray, its characteristic, near the raw material of cortical part sinkiang.distributed at concentric shape. Red is often called the fei, (2), ground son color: say again "lively" color, have background of Italy, refers to the green color, other than for different shades of white oil, color, OuFen, gray, etc; (3), green class color, Refers to the instinctive quality of jadeite, this kind of color characteristics for various shades of green. Sometimes green contain the black. Green often called cui. (11) hair sex: light emerald light in uv wavelengths in a dim white fluorescent, short-wave uv light no response.

编辑本段名称

Editor this paragraph name

　　翡翠之名由来已久，北宋欧阳修《归田录》卷二载：“余（欧阳修）家有一玉罂，形制甚古而精巧，始得之梅圣俞，以为碧玉。在颍州时，尝以示僚属。坐有兵马钤辖邓保吉者，真宗朝老内臣也，识之，曰：此宝器也，谓之翡翠。云禁中宝物皆藏宜圣库，库中有翡翠盏一只，所以识也。”由此可见以“翡翠”指绿色玉石由来已久，且至迟在北宋时，已被视为珍宝。或许古之“翡翠”与今之“翡翠”系同名异质，故纪晓岚称在其幼时，时人“不以玉视之”。（注：欧阳修《归田录》载于《欧阳文忠公全集》，为第126、127卷）

The name of the northern song dynasty has jade, ouyang xiu "old record" roll over two load: "(a) families ouyang xiu jade king import and export trading courtyard-shaped ancient exquisite, what MeiShengYu, thought the quorum secularly states in jasper. When LiaoShu ishi. Sit have tasted the kohathites, DengBaoJi clay bells toward authentic old officials also, general, yue: the jewels also, is known as the emerald. Cloud forbidden in treasures lie appropriate holy storehouse, the repository have emeralds lamp that one, so general also." Thus with "green jade jade" refers to the history and the latest in northern song dynasty, are regarded as a treasure. Maybe the "ancient jade" with today's "jade" eponymous heterogeneous, reason is in its youth, said ji's morning mist with jade "not subjected to regard". (note: ouyang xiu "old record", "carried in" OuYangWenZhong male works ", for the first 126, 127 roll)

编辑本段翡翠的形成

Edit this section emerald formation

　　翡翠是如何形成的？民间有很多神奇的传说；地质学家以前一直把它看成一个谜，曾有人认为翡翠与钻石一样，都是在地壳深部几千度高温，高压条件下结晶形成的，其实不然；美国不少地球物理学家在实验室做了大量的仿真实验，再结合世界各地发现翡翠矿床的实际情况，他们认为，翡翠并不是在高温情况下形成的，而是在低温条件下在极高压力下变质形成的。 　　日本东北大学砂川一郎教授在《话说宝石》（1983年出版）一书中，更具体指出翡翠是在一万个大气压和比较低的温度（200 - 300℃）下形成的。我们知道地球由地表到深部，越往深处温度越高，压力也越大。但翡翠既是在低温高压条件下结晶形成，当然不可能处于较深部分，那么高压究竟从何而来呢？ 　　这高压是由于地壳运动引起的挤压力所形成的，现已获得证实，凡是有翡翠矿床分布的区域，均是地壳运动较强烈的地带。 　　还有另外一个因素是：凡发现有翡翠形成的地方均有含钠长石的火成岩侵入体（中─基性岩）。钠长石的化学成份为 NaAlSi3O8，所以可以推测翡翠是在低温、高压条件下由含钠长石的岩石去硅作用而形成的。 　　若要成为特级硬玉——翡翠，还须具备以下条件，翡翠围岩必须是高镁高钙低铁岩石。这种环境产出的翡翠更纯净，少铁使底不发灰。尽管低铁但还是有铁的存在，要翡翠十分纯净无杂质，还须在强还原条件下，即在还原环境中生成。因为在缺氧环境中，它所含的Fe会形成磁铁矿而析出，而不进入翡翠的晶格内，可使翡翠绿更正。再者要有生成翡翠后的地质作用及多次强烈的热液活动，把翡翠改造得绿正、水好、底纯的特级翡翠。翡翠成色过程是伴随着热液活动进行的，为多期强度不同的成色过程。而且缓慢分解成铬离子的致色元素，要长时间处在150-300℃，最佳温度是在212℃左右下，铬离子才能均匀不间断地进入晶格，在这种条件下生成的翡翠绿色非常均匀。完全生成特级翡翠后，还不能有大的地质构造运动，否则将会产生大小不等，方向不同的裂纹而影响质量。以上各条件很难同时具备，这就是为什么特级翡翠稀少的原因。

Hisui is how to form? Folk have many magical legend, Geologists always treat it as a mystery, someone once think jadeite diamond, as in the crust QianDu high temperature, high pressure deep several conditions crystals form, actually otherwise, Many American geophysicists in the laboratory doing a lot of simulation experiments, combine the world find emerald ore deposits in the actual situation, they think, hisui is not formed in high temperature conditions, but in low temperature condition in high pressure metamorphic formation. Tohoku university sand sichuan ichiro professor in the words gem "(1983) published book, more specific points out jade was in 10,000 atmospheric pressure and the lower the temperature (200-300 ℃) were formed. We know the earth by the earth's surface to deep, the deep down that the higher the temperature, the pressure is bigger also. But hisui is in low pressure condition crystals form, will not, of course, in the deep part, then high-pressure actually come from? The high pressure is because crustal movement caused by the formation of the impact extrusion, we have received confirmed, always have hisui deposit distribution area, all is the crustal movement stronger zone. Another factor is that is found to have hisui formation place are sodium feldspar in the invasion of igneous rock (─ base sex rock). The chemical composition of albite for NaAlSi3O8, so can speculate hisui is in low temperature, high pressure conditions by sodium feldspar rock to silicon formed by the action of. If you want to become super hard jade - emerald, still must meet the following requirements, hisui surrounding rock must be GaoMei high calcium low iron rocks. This kind of environment of output more pure and less emerald ash iron make bottom not hair. Despite low iron but still have iron exist to emerald very pure without impurities, must also be in strong reducing conditions, namely in reductive surroundings is generated. Because in anoxic environment, it contains Fe will form the magnetite and precipitation, and not enter the jadeite lattice of inside, can make the emerald green correction. Moreover have generated hisui after the geological effect and many times the strong hydrothermal activity, emerald green modification very positive and water well, bottom of super pure jade. Hisui color-forming process is accompanied by hydrothermal activity, which is period of different intensity color-forming process. And slow down into chromium ion cause of color elements, with long time in 150-300 ℃, best temperature is in ℃ around 212, chromium ion to uniform incessantly into the lattice, in this condition generated emerald green very homogeneous. Completely generation super jadeite, also cannot have big geological tectonic movement, otherwise will produce vary in size, the direction of crack and the influence of different quality. It's hard to have both above the condition, which is why super hisui scarce reasons.

编辑本段常见品种

Edit this paragraph common breed

　　市场中有哪些常见的翡翠品种? 翡翠

What are some of the common market emerald breed? hisui

老坑种翡翠

Old pit of jadeite

　　商业界俗称“老坑玻璃种”，通常具玻璃光泽，其质地细腻纯净无瑕疵，颜色为纯正、明亮、浓郁、均匀的翠绿色；老坑种翡翠硬玉晶粒很细，因此，凭肉眼极难见到“翠性”；老坑种翡翠在光的照射下呈半透明一透明状，是翡翠中的上品或极品。

Business commonly known as the "old pit glass", usually with vitreous burnish, its fine texture pure flawless, color is pure, bright, full-bodied and uniformity of the emerald, Old pit of jadeite jade grain size is very fine hard, therefore, by looking extremely difficult to see "cui sexuality", Old pit in light of jadeite under the irradiation of translucent jade is a transparent shape, the top grade or gourmet.

冰种翡翠

Ice kind of jadeite

　　质地与老坑种有相似之处，无色或少色，冰种的特征是外层表面上光泽很好，半透明至透明，清亮似冰，给人以冰清玉莹的感觉 。若冰种翡翠中有絮花状或断断续续的脉带状的蓝颜色，则称这样的翡翠为“蓝花冰”，是冰种翡翠中的一个常见的品种 。冰种玉料常用来制作手镯或挂件 。无色的冰种翡翠和“蓝花冰”翡翠的价值没有明显的高低之分，其实际价格主要取决于人们的喜好 。冰种是中上档或中档层次的翡翠。

Texture and old pit of similarities, colorless or less color, ice kind of characteristic are outer surface gloss good, translucent and transparent, clear like ice, give a person with bingqing YuYing feeling. If ice kinds of jade of flocculant flower shape or intermittent pulse ribbon of blue color, says this jade for "blue flower ice", is one of the common ice kind of jadeite varieties. Ice kinds of jade materials used to manufacture bracelets or add-ons. A colorless ice kind of emeralds and "blue flower ice" hisui value without apparent highly points, the actual price depends mainly on people's preferences. Ice is middle-upper documents or intermediate level of jade.

水种翡翠

Water kind of jadeite

　　其玉质的结构略粗于老坑玻璃种，光泽、透明度也略低于老坑玻璃种而与冰种相似或相当 。其特点是通透如水但光泽柔和，细观其内部结构，可见少许的“波纹”，或有少量暗裂 翡翠手镯

The structure of the jade slightly larger than the diameter of old pit glass, burnish, transparency also slightly below old pit with ice kind of glass or is equivalent to another. Its characteristic is fully water but soft gloss, mesoscopic its internal structure, visible a little "ripple", or a small dark crack jade bracelets

和石纹，偶尔还可见极少的杂质、棉柳 。有行家说水种翡翠是色淡或无色的、质量稍差的老坑种翡翠。是翡翠中的中上档、偶见上档的一个品种。

And stone, occasionally still visible little impurity, cotton willow. Experts say water species have jade is lubricious weak or colorless, quality is a bit poor old pit kinds of jade. Is the jadeite middle-upper file, an occasional on file a varieties.

紫罗兰翡翠

Violet jade

　　这是一种颜色像紫罗兰花的紫色翡翠，珠宝界又将紫罗兰色称为“椿”或“春色” 。具有“春色”的翡翠有高、中、低各个档次，并非是只要是紫罗兰，就一定值钱，一定是上品，还须结合质地、透明度、工艺制作水平等质量指标进行综合评价。 　　翡翠上的紫色一般不深，翡翠界根据紫色色调深浅的不同，将翡翠中的紫色划分为粉紫、茄紫和蓝紫，粉紫通常质地较细，透明度较好，茄紫次之，蓝紫再次之 。

This is a colour like violet flowers purple jade, jewelry bounded and violet color is called "tsubaki" or "beauties of spring". With "spring scenery" hisui have high, medium and low each class, is not as long as is violet, will certainly worth, must be top grade, still must combine texture, transparency, production process and the quality indexes level comprehensive evaluation. The purple jade general not deep, hisui bounded according to different shades of purple tonal, the purple jade divided into pink violet, purple and blue ketchup purple, pink is violet usually texture is fine, good diaphaneity, eggplant purple, blue purple again next.

白底青翡翠

Green jade white white

　　白底青的特点是底白如雪，绿色在白色的底子上 翡翠

White green is characteristic of the bottom white as Snow White, green in lively hisui

显得很鲜艳，白绿分明 。这一品种的翡翠极易识别：绿色在白底上呈斑状分布，透明度差，为不透明或微透明；玉件具纤维和细粒镶嵌结构，但以细粒结构为主；在显微镜下观察(须放大30～40倍)，其表面常见孔眼或凹凸不平的结构。 　　该品种多为中档翡翠，少数绿白分明、绿色艳丽且色形好，色、底非常协调的，可达中高档品品级。

Appear very bright, white and green trenchant. This species of jadeite easily identify: green in a white erythema shape distribution, diaphaneity is poor, for not transparent or light transparent; Jade pieces with fiber and fine grained Mosaic structure, but with fine particle structure for the Lord; Under a microscope (must be up to 30 ~ 40 times), its surface common holes or uneven structure. This breed more for mid-range jadeite, a few green white trenchant, green gorgeous color, shape and color, bottom very harmonious, can reach high-grade flour level.

花青翡翠

Flower green jade

　　颜色翠绿呈脉状分布，极不规则；质地有粗有细，半透明 。其底色为浅绿色或其他颜色 。如浅灰色或豆青色，其结构主要为纤维和细粒一中粒结构。花青翡翠的特点是绿色不均 。有的较密集，有的较为疏落，色有深也有浅 。花青翡翠中还有一种结构只呈粒状，水感不足，因其结构粗糙，所以透明度往往很差 。花青属中档或中低档品级的翡翠。

Color green nervation distribution, great irregularity, Texture with thick thin, translucent. The background for light green or other colors. Such as shallow gray or pea green color, its structure is mainly for fiber and fine grained dickers grain structure. Flower green jade is characteristic of the green uneven. Some more intensive, some more dramatic, color has deep also have shallow. Flowers and green jade, a structure is only insufficient, granular, water feeling because of its structure and rough, so the transparency are often poor. Flower green genera midrange or low-standard staple emerald.

红翡

Red fei

　　颜色鲜红或橙红的翡翠，在市场中很容易见到 。红翡的颜色是 翡翠

Color bright red or orange-red hisui, in the market is easy to see. Red fei color is jade

硬玉晶体生成后才形成的，系赤铁矿浸染所致 。其特点为亮红色或深红色，好的红翡色佳，具有玻璃光泽，其透明度为半透明状，红翡制品常为中档或中低档商品，但也有高档的红翡：色泽明丽、质地细腻、非常漂亮，是受人们喜爱的，具有吉庆色彩的翡翠。

Hard jade crystal formation, just formed, fasten hematite huolulingjiao-pengwu be caused by. Its characteristic is bright red or deep red color, good red fei, with beautiful vitreous burnish, its diaphaneity is translucent, red fei products is often midrange or low-standard goods, but also a high-grade red fei: color bright and beautiful, delicate texture, very pretty, is popular, with auspicious color jade.

黄棕翡

Yellow brown fei

　　颜色从黄到棕黄或褐黄的翡翠，透明程度较低 。这一系列颜色的翡翠制品在市场中随处可见 。它们的颜色也是硬玉晶体生成后才形成，常常分布于红色层之上，是由褐铁矿浸染所致。在市场中，红翡的价值高于黄翡，黄翡则高于棕黄翡，褐黄翡的价格又次之 。但也有因人的喜爱及饰品别具特色而使其价格有别于常规的情况 。

Color from yellow to claybank or brown hisui, transparent low level. This series of color jade products in the market can be found everywhere. Their color is also hard jade crystal formation, just formed, often distributed in red layer above, is caused by limonite inoculated. In the market, red fei fei worth more than yellow, yellow fei fei is higher than claybank, tawny fei price and component. But there are also because people like and adorn article features and make its prices are different from those of conventional condition.

豆种翡翠

DouZhong hisui

　　简称豆种，豆种翡翠是翡翠家族中的一个很常见的品种 。

Abbreviation DouZhong, DouZhong jadeite jade in the family is a very common varieties.

芙蓉种翡翠

Lotus kind of jadeite

　　简称芙蓉种，这一品种的翡翠一般为淡绿色，不含黄色调，绿得较为清澈、纯正，有时其底子略带粉红色 。

Abbreviation of lotus, this species of jadeite is commonly virescent, excluding yellow moves, the green in the relatively clear, pure, sometimes the grounds with pink.

马牙种翡翠

Horse tooth kind of jadeite

　　其质地虽然较细，但不透明，表面的光泽如同瓷器 。

Although the texture is fine, but not transparent, surface gloss as porcelain.

藕粉种翡翠

OuFen kind of jadeite

　　其质地细腻如同藕粉种，颜色呈浅粉紫红色(浅春色)，是良好的工艺品原料 。

Its fine texture, color OuFen kind of like the pale pink amaranth (shallow beauties of spring), is a good handicraft material.

广片

Broad slice

　　特点是在自然光下绿得发暗或发黑，质地较粗水头较干 。

Characteristic is in natural light or dark green hair very dark, and the texture of thicker head drier.

翠丝种翡翠

Cui silk kind of jadeite

　　这是一种质地、颜色俱佳的翡翠，在市场中属中高档次的玉 。

This is a substance, color and taste of jadeite, in the market of high-grade times of jade.

金丝种

Gold-rimmed kind of

　　在浅底之中含有黄色的、橙黄色的色形呈条状，丝状平行排列且定向结构发育明显的翡翠，除颜色与翠丝种不同外，其他特征与翠丝种相同 。但通常金丝种翡翠的价格低于翠丝种翡翠。

In shallow containing yellow, orange among the color image is strip, filamentous parallel arrays and directing structure was developed, besides color jade and chui wire different outside, other features and chui wire of the same. But usually gold-rimmed kind of jadeite jade cheaper than chui wire kind.

油青翡翠

Oil green jade

　　简称油青种或油浸，其通透度和光泽看起来有油亮感，是市场中随处可见的中低档翡翠，常用其制作挂件、手镯，也有做成戒面的 。油青种的绿色明显不纯，含有灰色、蓝色的成分，因此较为沉闷，不够鲜艳。

Abbreviation oil green or oil-immersed, its fully degrees and burnish looks a sleek sense is market deductions-from the low-standard hisui, commonly used its make guajian, bracelets, also have made quit again. Oil green of green obvious is pure, containing gray, blue composition, accordingly the more depressing, isn't bright enough.

巴山玉

Bashan jade

　　“巴山玉”原石是一种晶料粗大、结构疏松，水干、底差的“砖头料”，但其颜色比较丰富，有淡紫、浅绿、绿或蓝灰等颜色，是一种品级较低，含有闪石、钠长石等矿物的特殊翡翠。

"Bashan jade" original rock is a kind of crystal material bulky, structure, dry, bottom water osteoporosis poor "brick materials", but its color is more rich, have Dan zi, shallow green, green or blue gray wait for color, is a staple low, containing flash stone, albite of such minerals as special hisui.

干白种翡翠

Dry white kind of jadeite

　　是质地粗、透明度不佳的白色或浅灰白色翡翠 。翡翠行家对其的评价是：种粗、水干、不润 。此品种无色或色浅，凭肉眼即可见到晶粒间的界限，故外表结构粗糙，使用及观赏价值低，是一个低档次的翡翠品种。

Rough texture is poor, transparency of white or light gray jade. Hisui connoisseur of its evaluation is: kind of coarse, water dry, not allowed. The breed colorless or color is light, with naked eye can be seen grain boundaries, it looks coarse, use and structure of ornamental value and low, is a low grades of jadeite varieties.

墨翠

Ink cui

　　初看黑得发亮，很容易使人误认为是独山玉中的墨玉或其他的黑色宝玉石，但在透射光下观察，则是呈半透明状，且黑中透绿，特别是薄片状的墨翠，在透射光下颜色喜人。缅甸人用“情人的影子”来形容黑色的硬玉，中国人为其取名为“墨翠” 。

At first sight black bright, easily makes people mistaken for dushan jade of mo or other black treasure jade, but in transmitted light under the microscope, it is translucent, and dark green, especially in showing the ink cui, thin slice in transmitted light under color gratifying. Burmese use "lover's shadow" to describe black hard jade, Chinese people its named "ink cui".

铁龙生

TieLong born

　　满绿色的玉件。 　　其矿藏90年发现94年公开开采2000年已近枯竭，市场上成色好的铁龙生由为稀少。

Full of green jade pieces. Its minerals 90 years found 94 open mining 2000 has nearly exhausted, on the market for good TieLong born by cornelians are few.

编辑本段相关常识

Edit this paragraph related knowledge

评价翡翠术语

Evaluation of jadeite term

　　评价翡翠有“地”、“好水”、“翠得好”等术语。“地”指翡翠中其他颜色，玉少翠多为上品；“好水”指翡翠质地细嫩润滑，通透清澈，晶莹凝重，碧亮喜人，也称 翡翠戒指

Evaluation of jadeite "earth" and "have good water", "cui such terms as well". "The other" means a jade, jade color more for top grade; less cui "Good water" means jade texture and delicate lubrication, connect fully clear, glittering and translucent and dignified, Bess bright gratifying, also called the jade ring

之为“俏”，反之称“水差”；“翠得好”当合“浓、阳、正、和”四字，“浓”是指浓而不淡，如雨后冬青，“阳”是指鲜艳明亮，“正”指无杂色、邪色相混，“和”是指翠得均匀无深浅之分，反之则称“淡、阴、邪、花”。

As "qiao, and vice says" water; poor" "Good" when Tracy together "thick, Yang, positive, and," the word "strong" means thick and not weak, rain after Holly, "Yang" refers to bright, "positive" means no noise, evil hue mix, "and" refers to cui uneven portions, without depth conversely called "pale, Yin, evil, flower".

翡翠的地子

Hisui land son

　　玻璃地 　　完全透明，玻璃光泽。 翡翠的透明度与宝石不同。好的玻璃地 镯子看上去透明如水晶，无杂质。 　　冰地 　　冰地次于玻璃地全物通透如冰，即通明中如有一层薄雾，似净水封冻、凝滞。 　　水地 　　透明如水，玻璃光泽。 与玻璃地相似，有少量的杂质。 　　蛋青地 　　质地如同鸡蛋青，玻璃光泽。 半透明，但比较纯正，无杂质。 　　鼻涕地 　　质地如同青鼻涕，玻璃光泽。 半透明，但比较纯正，少量杂质。 　　青水地 　　质地透明，但泛青绿色 是带青绿色的水地品种，因色干扰，不如水地品种。 　　灰水地 　　质地半透明，但泛灰色。 因有灰色，质量又比青水地又差。 　　紫水地 　　质地半透明，但泛紫色调。 与紫罗兰不同的是强调透明，实际上是半透明的紫罗兰。 　　浑水地 　　质地半透明，象浑水。 透明度差的水地。 　　细白地 　　半透明，细腻色白。 如果光泽好，也是好的玉雕原料。 　　白沙地 　　半透明，有沙性，白色。 不细腻的细白地。 　　灰沙地 　　半透明，有沙性，灰色。 不细腻的灰色白沙地。 　　豆青地 　　半透明，豆青色地子。 实际上是豆青色地半透明品种。 　　紫花地 　　半透明，有不均匀的紫花。 为颜色不均匀的紫罗兰。 　　青花地 　　半透明至不透明，有青色 石花。 质地不均匀，只适合做玉雕。 　　白花地 　　半透明至不透明，质糙亦有石花 　　瓷地 　　半透明至不透明，白色。 干白地 　　不透明，白色。 　　糙白地 　　不透明，粗糙，白色。 　　糙灰地 　　不透明，粗糙，灰色。 　　狗屎地 　　褐色，黑褐色。

To completely transparent glass, glass luster. Hisui transparency and gem is different. Good glass to look transparent crystal bracelet, without impurities. BingDe BingDe after glass to all things appear like ice, namely general specification if there is a mist, like water purification freeze-up, stagnate. BC transparent water, vitreous burnish. And glass resemblance, a little impurity. DanQing ground texture of an egg qing, vitreous burnish. Translucent, but relatively pure, without impurities. Nose to nose, like green texture vitreous burnish. Translucent, but relatively pure, little impurity. Green BC texture transparent, but is suffused with green with turquoise BC, because color interference, varieties as BC varieties. Ash BC, but functional translucent texture grey. Because there is gray, quality and than green BC differred again. Purple BC texture, but functional semi-transparent purple tone. With violet different is to emphasize transparent, is actually translucent violet. Translucent texture, like muddy BC muddy water. The transparency of poor BC. White ground translucent, exquisite white complexion. If a good luster, also be good jade materials. Baisha land translucent, some sand sex, white. Don't fine thin white. Grey sand translucent, some sand sex, gray. Don't exquisite gray baisha land. Pea pea green color to translucent, to children. Is actually pea color to translucent varieties. Purple flower to translucent, with an uneven purple flower. For inhomogenous color of violets. Green land translucent to are opaque, cyan stone-bar. Uneven quality, only suitable for jade carving. White ground translucent to opaque, stone-bar porcelain qualitative roughening also have to translucent to opaque, white. Dry land opaque, white. Roughening white-floored opaque, rough, white. Rough grey to opaque, rough, gray. Dog excrement ground brown, dark brown.

切工

cutters

　　翡翠成品加工分为光身成品和雕花成品两大类。 　　光身制品对原料要求较高，不能有裂纹，因为一有裂纹就很容易见到。有裂纹的翡翠，大都用来做花件，通过雕刻手法可以掩盖裂纹。 　　因此在评价光身成品与花件时，在同样质量的情况下，光身制品要贵过花件雕品，当然有特别精湛的雕玉则例外。

Hisui finished product processing is divided into their products and carve patterns or designs on woodwork finished two kinds big. Their products of materials, the demand is higher, cannot have crack, because a crack is very easy to see. A crack of jadeite, mostly used to do flower piece, through carving techniques can cover crack. Therefore in evaluating their finished with a flower piece, in the same quality, under the situation of their products to more expensive than the flower piece is tasted, certainly have special carved jade superb stone carving the exceptions.

裂纹

crack

　　裂纹的存在往往是翡翠成品的致命伤，有了裂纹，翡翠的价值会大减，尤其对于高档翡翠来讲。 　　一般可用电筒，用透视光照，有裂纹就很容易看到。

The existence of crack is often fatal to the finished product jadeite jade, had cracks, the value will be a great decrease, especially for high-grade hisui speaking. Generally available torch, with clairvoyant illumination, crack is very easy to see.

经济评价因素

Economic evaluation factors

　　1. 透明度：半透明则最佳，太透或不透明都不好。 　　2. 结构：颗粒越细越好。 　　3. 净度：无瑕疵的最佳。 　　4. 切工：“玉不琢不成器“设计，雕琢的造型，抛光，款式新颖。

1. Transparency is best, too: translucent through or opaque is bad. 2. Structure: particle the thinner the better. 3. Clarity: flawless best. 4. Cutters: "spare the rod and spoil the child" design, carve modelling, polishing and novel style.

分级

classification

　　①特级：艳绿色（祖母绿色）、苹果绿色，玻璃地（半透明、质地细腻），均匀鲜艳，无杂质，无裂纹。 　　②商品级：绿色，油青地，微透明、间杂半透明的祖母绿色细脉和斑点翠。 　　③普通级：藕粉地、豆绿色、浅绿色，白色细腻，微透明。不透明翡翠，一般只做玉料首饰。

(1) the super: brilliant green (grandmother green), apple green, glass (translucent, quality of a material is exquisite), uniform bright-coloured, without impurities, no crack. (2) commodities level: green, oil, micro transparent, green markings translucent grandmother green fine veins and spots cui. (3), OuFen o-level: DouLuSe, reseda, white delicate, slightly transparent. Opaque jadeite jade expected, the general do only jewelry.

光泽

burnish

　　翡翠呈现玻璃光泽，半透明或透明。翡翠因含有不同的染色离子而呈现各种颜色：通常有白、红、绿、紫。黄、粉等。纯净无杂质者为白色，若含有铬元素，则呈现出柔润艳丽的淡绿、深绿色，名之为翠。此品种最为名贵，极受人们的珍视喜爱。若含锰则呈现淡紫色、深紫色，常称为春地或藕粉地。含铁元素，则呈现暗红、褐红、赭红色，被人们称为翡。含铬和铜元素，则呈现淡蓝、淡青色，人称橄榄水。高档翡翠除颜色好之外，质地也极其重要。一般颜色鲜嫩漂亮，质地较透明，玻璃光泽强者为上品。相反，质地发干，透明度较差的品种次之。

Hisui present vitreous burnish, translucent or transparent. Hisui because contain different dyeing ion and presents to all sorts of color, usually white, red, green, purple. Yellow, powder, etc. Pure without impurities person for white, if contain chromium elements, they show the moist bright green, dark green, name for cui. The most valuable, the breed is highly prized of people love. If contains manganese revealed a lilac, purple, commonly called spring or OuFen land. Iron elements, revealed a dark red, brown red, red ochre and are known as fei. Contain chromium and copper elements, revealed a pale blue, weak cyan color, called olive water. High-grade hisui except color, texture and good outside is extremely important. General color, texture is tender and beautiful transparent, vitreous burnish overmatch is top grade. Instead, texture hair dry, transparency of poor varieties component.

透明度

transparency

　　翡翠是多晶体，多数为半透明，甚至不透明。不可能象单晶体宝石如祖母绿那样透明，使光线可以自由透过，显得很晶莹。

Jade was polycrystal; most are translucent, even not transparent. Don't like probably single gem like emeralds that transparent, make the light can freely through, appear very glittering and translucent.

结构

structure

　　指的是组成翡翠的结晶微粒的粗细，结晶体的形状及其结合的方式。行话称结构为“底”，有称“地”。

Refers to the composition of jadeite crystallization particles, degree of crystals shape and combination way. Jargon says structure as "bottom", says "ground".

净度

clarity

　　翡翠与其他宝石一样，净度是评估价值的一大因素，翡翠的瑕疵，主要是白色和黑色。在评价翡翠时，根据瑕疵对翡翠美观造成的损害程度来决定翡翠的价值。对高档货来说，瑕疵是严重的缺憾，而对中、低档货来说，影响会小得多。 　　相对来说黑花影响比白花来的较多。

Hisui and other gems as, clarity is assessed value factor, hisui blemishes, mainly is white and black. In evaluating jadeite jade, according to the defects of beautiful of damage degree to determine the value of jadeite. For high-grade goods, it is serious defects, flaws of medium and low-grade goods speaking, the effect will be much smaller. Relatively influence than white to black flower more.

编辑本段处理方法

Edit this section processing method

鉴别评估

Identify assessment

　　将翡翠放在荧光灯下，观察其颜色变化，A货和C货不发生变化，B货有荧光，泛白色。C货经过染色处理，故其颜色沿裂隙分布，分布不均匀，细心观察肉眼即可看出，具体的解释如下： 　　· A货翡翠，天然翡翠， 是未经过化学处理，颜色、结果自然的天然翡翠。 　　· B货翡翠，漂白注胶翡翠， 是经过强酸清洗和注胶的翡翠，强酸浸泡、清洗有助于提高翡翠的透明度和色泽。 　　· C货翡翠，染色翡翠， 是经用人工着色处理的翡翠，通常是用有机染料或无机染料着色。 　　· B+C货翡翠是同时进行过强酸清洗和注胶和人工着色处理的翡翠。 　　评估 　　颜色是评价翡翠的第一因素，好的颜色要达到的标准是：正、浓、阳、均。 　　正：就是指色调的范围，根据主色与次色的比例而定，就是说要纯正的绿色，不要混有其他的颜色。例如油青中常有混油蓝色、价值就会降低。 　　浓：指颜色的深浅，就翡翠绿色来讲浓度最好在70%80%之间，90％已经为过浓了。 　　阳：是指翡翠颜色的鲜阳明亮程度，翡翠的明亮程度主要是由于翡翠含绿色和黑色或灰色的比例来决定的。绿色比例多颜色会明亮，若含黑或灰色多了，颜色就灰暗了，行家往往采取形象的方法来表示颜色的鲜阳。例如：黄杨绿、鹦鹉绿、葱心绿、辣椒绿、都是指鲜阳的颜色。而菠菜绿、油青绿、江水绿、黑绿，则指颜色沉闷的暗绿色。 　　越鲜阳的翡翠，自然价值越高。 　　均:是指翡翠的颜色分布的均匀度。翡翠的颜色一般分布都是不均匀的，如能得到颜色分布均匀的翡翠实在也不是容易的事。 　　最佳的颜色：应该是绿色纯正、绿色浓度在70％－80％、颜阳明亮、颜色分布均匀，这类高档翡翠，行家习惯称为老坑种。 　　质量鉴别 　　①质地。天然翡翠质地透明或半透明，表面油润亮泽，仔细观察，可见近圆形的稍透明“盐粒”和围绕其周围的纤维状物质。 　　②硬度。天然翡翠是硬玉，摩氏硬度是7度，用锋利的刀具刻划，不会留有痕迹；假玉硬度低，利刀可刻划出痕迹。 　　③翠性。天然翡翠对着强光观察，可见其中有其他矿物颗粒的翠色闪光，称为翠花或翠性；用玻璃、塑料、瓷料制成的伪品都无此种“翠性”特征。 　　④相对密度（比重）。天然翡翠结构坚硬紧密，无气泡，密度较大，敲击时声音清脆；伪品则结构较松或有气泡，密度较小，敲击声音沙哑不清脆。 　　⑤色泽。真品翠色浓艳纯正。而有些伪品是用白玉、蛇纹石、澳洲玉、韩国玉、云石甚至杂石，经脱色后，灌入高硬塑料浆并作加色处理，或浸入绿色液体制成“加色翡翠”，在强光下观察，可见绿色纹路，杂乱而细小；有的虽不显纹路，但浑浊不清，光泽差，其重量比真品轻。 　　将上述假品放入煮熔的蜡液中，所灌入的颜料会慢慢析出。这样检验，既不会损坏被检样品，又可鉴别出真假。 　　用塞尔西滤色镜观察，加色翠在镜下为紫红色，天然真品颜色不变。 　　有的假翡翠用玻璃人工熔炼而成，结构松懈，绿色均匀偏暗，有的有气泡，用硬器敲击，声音沙哑。 　　假翡翠：马来翠（玉），它透明度好绿色美艳似高档翡翠。但不难识别，将它对着强光用放大镜看，内部有渔网状图案，渔网的网线是绿的网眼是白的，不像翡翠内部绿色是大小形状不均匀不规则的。 　　鉴别真假 　　玉是中国人最喜爱的宝石，自古以来被视为吉祥之物，具有驱邪避凶的魔力。而翡翠又是玉石中最珍稀、最昂贵的品种之一。如今，用翡翠制作的各种饰品、工艺品和首饰受到中国的很多艺术收藏家和消费者的喜爱。但大数人对于翡翠都不了解，近日，鑫德翡翠金坛店向我们提供了这方面的知识，希望通过宣传让人们进一步了解翡翠，以便鉴别真假。　 　　翡翠的"种"是指翡翠的结构和构造。是翡翠质量的重要标志。新“种”(也称新坑新厂等)的翡翠，质地疏松，粒度较粗且粗细不均，杂质矿物含量较多，裂隙及微裂隙较发育，但不一定透明度就差，比重硬度均有下降。老“种”(也称老坑老厂等)的翡翠，结构细腻致密，粒度微细均匀，微小裂隙不发育，它的硬度比重最高，是质量较好的翡翠。但不一定透明度就好。新老种翡翠介于新种和老种翡翠之间，是残积在山坡原地的翡翠，未经自然搬运或短距离自然搬运的翡翠。新种翡翠是制作翡翠B货的原料。 　　翡翠的“地”的含义是翡翠的绿色部分及绿色以外部分的干净程度与水(透明度)及色彩之间的协调程度，以“种”、“水”、“色”之间相互映衬关系。民间称“地”为“地张”或“底障”等。翠与翠外部分要协调，如翠好必须翠及翠外部分水，要好才映衬协调，若翠很好但翠外部分水差杂质脏色多，称“色好地差”。翠的“水”与“种”要协调，如“种”老色很好，水又好，杂质脏色少，相互衬托，强烈映衬出翡翠的情丽，润亮及价值来。“地”的结构应细腻，色调应均匀，杂质脏色少，有一定的透明度，互相照应方能称“地”好。好的“地”称玻璃地，糯化地，蛋清地。不好的“地”称石灰地，狗屎地等。水不好的翡翠称"底干"。 　　翡翠的“水”是指它的透明度，也称水头。翡翠的水与翡翠的结构构造有关，也就是说与“种”有关。还与杂质的含量有关，那些“种”老，杂质少，粒度大小均匀，纯净度高的翡翠水就好。 　　翡翠的”雾“是指翡翠的皮(己风化或氧化)与翡翠内部(无风化或氧化)或称肉之间的一种半氧化微风化的硬玉。实质上它也是翡翠的一部分，是从风化壳到未风化的肉(翡翠)的一个过渡带。雾的颜色和存在能说明翡翠内部杂质多少，“种”是老是新，透明度的好坏及其内部的干净程度等。但它不能说明其内是否有绿，与绿无关。雾分白、黄、红、灰、黑等。如把外皮磨去，露出淡浅的白色称白雾，说明其内杂质少“地”干净，有一定的透度，若白雾之下有绿，就是非常纯净的翠绿，与地互相搭配价值连城。白雾也说明“种”老，一般人都喜欢赌白雾。黄雾显示其内的铁元素和其它元素正在渐渐氧化，但还没有严重氧化。若为纯净的淡黄色的雾，显示杂质元素少，常出现高翠，但有时因铁离子产生的蓝绿色调可能进入翡翠的晶格，也出现微偏蓝绿色调的绿。红雾说明其内所含铁元素己严重氧化，可能翡翠内部出现灰“地”。黑雾主要为大量杂质元素氧化所致，显示翡翠内部杂质多，透明度差。个别黑雾也会出现高翠，但有时水很差。并非所有翡翠均产生雾，有些玉石场所产翡翠并无雾。一般来讲能产生雾的翡翠原料多产在老厂及新老厂的矿山上。 翡翠的”癣“是指翡翠表皮或内部见有黑灰黑色的斑块、条带等，癣的形状大小各异，这些黑色癣的主要矿物为角闪石、兰闪石片岩、铬铁矿及一些氧化物组成，因为这些黑色矿物与致色的铬离子有亲源关系，以及黑色矿物一一一癣内的铬铁矿源源不断地释放出致色铬离子，在适当的条件下使翡翠致绿。故癣与绿关系密切。民间称"黑随绿走"、"癣吃绿"等。但有癣不一定有绿，有绿不一定有癣，要看癣的生成环境与时间，与癣内是否有铬元素的存在等因素。故民间又有"死癣"与"活癣"之说。在生成翡翠的过程中及以后的多次地质运动、多次的热液活动中，有铬元素释放的地质环境，可使翡翠致绿。这时不一定有癣，癣与绿关系不大。若癣与翡翠共生，有利于铬元素释放的地质条件、热液活动，癣内的铬不断释放致色，当地质环境改变时不利于铬元素释放致色时，终止致色，就会产生黑随绿走的现象，称活癣。生成翡翠以后，产生的"癣"，没有铬元素释放的地质条件产生的癣称死"癣"。根据翡翠原料上的绿与癣，小构造与瘤，翡翠矿物与癣的穿插关系，可准确判断活"癣"与死"癣"。癣与绿之间的关系可分，癣与绿相互包容不易分离，癣与绿逐步过渡或界域分明，绿与癣相隔一段距离、各方单独存在的三种。有时癣旁有"松花"显示，这指示其内有绿，但其内绿有多少、形状实无法判断。 　　在翡翠原料的表皮上，见与表皮一样或深或浅颜色的风化、半风化沙粒呈带状环状块状等有规律有方向性的排列现象，说明原石局部受方向性的动力变质与热液蚀变作用的共同强烈影响，使其内部有可能使铬元素释放而致绿。有脐带的地方不一定有绿，一定要有"松花"的出现，才能说明其内可能有绿。有鳞说明“种”老。蟒带一般平行绿色的走向，绿的走向(脉)或称绿的形状，大多为原生裂隙充填了铬离子而致色。 　　翡翠表皮隐约可见的一些像干了的苔藓一样的色块，斑块、条带状物称"松花"。是指原来翡翠原料上的绿，经风化己渐失色留下的痕迹。根据松花颜色的深浅、形状、走向、多寡、疏密程度，可推断其内绿色的深浅，走向，大小，形状等。观察时要上水于原料上仔细研究。 　　也称裂绺，裂开的称裂，复合或充填了物质的称络。裂绺分为原生裂绺，即与原石同时生成。后期裂绺，即成岩后生成的。原生裂绺有些已被后期热液活动修复，有些其内充填了后期矿物。后期裂绺大多肉眼明显可见，对翡翠原石整体性破坏很大。裂绺可分大裂绺、小绺、井字绺、细绺等。有些裂绺会把绿色条带切断，错位。有些绿色条带本身就是裂绺，后被绿色充填了的。要根据裂绺的分布频率估计做什么来估价。在原石上那些低凹部分就是裂绺存在的部位。 　　白棉是指翡翠内部见有斑块状、条带状、丝状、波纹状的半透明、微透明的白色矿物。白色矿物的主要成分为纳长石，次为霞石，方沸石等及一些气液态包体组成。是翡翠内的杂质物，严重影响翡翠的质量与美观。它的存在将大大影响翡翠的价格。还有绿与绿之间的白棉。也可能是硬玉本身，这属于绿色分布不均匀而造成的。 　　绝大多数翡翠原料均有皮，特级翡翠也有皮。翡翠的皮是翡翠原料在搬运过程中的风化作用而形成。皮的颜色有，黑、灰、黄、褐、浅黄、白等色，皮的颜色的形成是两种地质作用的综合，即由翡翠外部氧化作用使铁的氢氧化物渗透到翡翠皮面的细小微裂隙中，再与表皮下正在氧化的杂质元素相互作用的结果。根据皮的颜色、致密程度、光润度、凸凹度大致可估计出翡翠原料内部的色彩、水头好坏、地的好坏、种的老嫩及裂结的多少。如皮上表现致密细润，通常显示其内部透明度好杂质少，皮表面表现为不明显之苔状物，常反映显示其内可能有绿，皮面凸凹不平粗糙者，显示其内裂维多，质地疏松、水差。再如翡翠皮上颜色变化大，且有黑癣之类的条带斑块者，就应注意有绿出现的可能。黑皮乌砂含铁等杂质很多，即使其内有绿，绝大多数为偏蓝的绿。黄白沙皮上水后有手感细沙脱落者、一般水头足。褐色皮称之黄鳝皮，一般种很老，若皮细嫩并见苔辞状及黑色条带盖其内水好可能有高翠。翡翠的皮学问很多，要综合判断估计其内情况。 　　翠性也称"苍蝇翅膀"。是翡翠的特有标志。是指组成翡翠的矿物晶面及解理面在翠面的片状闪光。当组成翡翠的矿物颗粒粗大时，特别明显。这就是翡翠的"翠性"。若翡翠的矿物颗粒显微粒状时，少见“翠性”，这是因为双晶面.及解理太小所致。如玻璃地的翡翠肉眼难见“翠性”。 　　鉴赏名言 　　我国珠宝业的前辈们，在长期的翡翠加工生产实践中，总结出了很多有关翡翠的经验，并以言简意赅的格言形式，表示出了翡翠的这些特点。记住这些格言，并能了解和体会其中深刻的内涵，将终身受益。 　　《灯下不观色》 　　其实，任何珠宝都不应当在灯下进行颜色的质量评定。而对于翡翠来说，这一点则显得尤为重要。这是因为翡翠的颜色，尤其是闪灰，闪蓝以及油青之类的翡翠颜色，在灯光下的视觉效果要比自然光线下的颜色效果好很多。因此，灯光下只能看翡翠的绺裂，看水头长短，看照映程度或其它特征。而要在自然光线下，察看和评定翡翠的绿色。 　　《色差一等，价差十倍》 对于高档的翡翠来说，价差十倍恐怕还不止。例如：一粒50万元的翡翠戒面与一粒500万元的翡翠戒面，翡翠质量?样式、大小、种水、瑕疵?都是一等一的，无可挑剔，二者之间的价格差别关键在于绿色上的高低。而如何认识和区分翡翠绿色的各种差别是极为重要的，至少也要见过和经历过。 　　《多看少买》 　　对于购买翡翠原石来说，“多看”是一个选择的过程；是一个进行比较的过程；也是一个积累和验证经验的过程；是″买″的前提。“少买”不是不买，而是提醒你要“看”好了再买。 　　《宁买一条线，不买一大片》 　　对于翡翠原石中的绿色形状特点来说，“一条线”?带子绿?与“一大片”靠皮绿?是同一种绿色形状的两种表现形式，是“线”?立性?与“片”?卧性的分别。 “线”的厚度是已知的，而深度是未知的；“片”的面积是已知的，而厚度是未知的。格言的关键在于提醒人们，不要被翡翠表面上绿色的“多”与“少”所迷惑，要认清绿色“立性”与“卧性”的本质。因此，并不是真的见了有一大片绿色的翡翠也不买，而是提醒不要对绿色的厚度有过分的奢望。 　　《龙到处才有水》 　　所谓“龙”其实是指翡翠中的绿色。也就是说：在通常情况下，无论在质地的粗细程度或者透明程度上，有绿色的部位比没有绿色的部位?地子?，都要好一些。当然，有时翡翠绿色和地子之间的这种差别表现的过于强烈时，就象下一个格言所说了。狗屎地子出高绿。

Will expose under fluorescent lamp jadeite, observing the colour changes, A cargo and C goods does not produce change, B goods are suffused with white fluorescent,. C goods after dyeing processing, because of its color along the fracture distribution, uneven distribution, careful observation of naked eye can see, specific details are as follows: · A cargo jadeite jade, jade, is not through chemical processing, color, result natural jadeite jade. · B goods jadeite, bleaching injecting jadeite, is through strong acid cleaning and injecting hisui, acid soak, cleaning help to improve transparency and colour and lustre of jadeite. · C goods jadeite, dyeing jadeite, was approved by the artificial colouring processing of jadeite, usually with organic dyes or inorganic dyes shading. · B + C goods hisui is also had strong acid cleaning and injecting and artificial colouring processing emerald. Evaluate the color is the first evaluation factors, good jade color to the standard is: positive and thick, Yang, all. Is: refers to tonal range, according to the color and times the proportion of color and decide, means to pure green, don't mix have other colors. For example oil green has a tendency to mix oil blue, the value will be low. Strong: refers to the depth of color, emerald green speaking concentration in 70% 80% between, best 90% have inflammatory thick. Yang: refers to the jade color bright Yang bright degree, of jadeite jade bright degree is mainly due to contain green and black or gray proportion to decide. Green scale color can be bright, if contains black or gray, color is dark, expert often take visual method to denote color bright Yang. For example: yellow YangLu, parrots green, CongXinLu, chili green, mean fresh Yang color. And spinach green, oil greens, river green, dark green, it refers to the color depressing biliverdin. The fresh Yang hisui, natural value is higher. All: refers to the jade color distribution of evenness. Jade color general distribution are uneven if get color distribution uniformity of jadeite could indeed is not an easy thing. The best color: should be green, green concentration in pure 70% - 80%, YanYang bright, color distribution uniformity, this kind of high-grade jadeite, expert habit called the old pit. Quality identification (1) texture. Natural jade texture transparent or translucent, surface oil shine, careful observation, the visible suborbicular slightly transparent "YanLi" and surrounding its surrounding fibrous materials. (2) hardness. Natural jade, jade is hard MaShi hardness is 7 degrees, with sharp tool skinned, won't leave a trail, False jade hardness is low, the secretariat trace. Can sword 3 cui sex. Natural jade against the strong light observation, visible there are other mineral grains attendants flash, called cui flower or emerald green sex; Using glass, plastic, ceramic materials made of WeiPin no such "cui sex" feature. 4 the relative density (ratio). Natural jade structure closely and no bubble, solid density is larger, when knock sound is ringing, WeiPin is structure than loose or bubble, density is small, percussion hoarse not clear. Will5 colour and lustre. Genuine attendants gaudy sterling. And some WeiPin is to use white jade, jade, serpentine, Australia HanGuoYu, yunshi even after the stone, miscellaneous, into the high bleaching pulp and hard plastic add color processing, or immersed green liquid made "add color jade", when light under the observation, visible green grain, mixed and disorderly and tiny, Some although not show lines, but turbidity is not clear, burnish is poor, its weight than genuine light. The fake products into the wax melting boiled liquid, into the paint will slowly exhalation. Such inspection, both neither can damage by test sample, and also can identify the true and false. In Selma west, add color cui filter observation in microscopically amaranth, natural genuine color unchanged. Some false jadeite with glass artificially smelting and become, structure lax, green uniform slants dark, some have bubbles, use hard ware stroke, voice broke. False emerald: Malay cui (jade), it good diaphaneity green colourful like high-grade hisui. But easy to identify, will it against the strong light with a magnifying glass look, have internal fishing reticular pattern, net of string is green mesh is white, unlike hisui internal green is uneven size and shape irregular. Identify true and false jade is the most favorite gem, since the ancient times considered auspicious thing, have exorcisms avoids disaster magic power. But the most rare and jadeite jade, one of the most expensive breed. Nowadays, with hisui production various decorations, crafts and jewelry by many Chinese art collector and the love of consumers. But man from tarsus for hisui all understand, recently, xin DE hisui jintan shop to provide us with this knowledge, hoped through publicity let people to further understand the jadeite, in order to identify true and false. Of jadeite jade "kind" means the structure and structure. Is an important symbol of emerald quality. New "grow" (also called new pit new factory etc) of jadeite, texture osteoporosis, particle size of thicker and uneven thickness, impurities, mineral content more, fractures and micro fracture is developed, but not necessarily transparency is poor, a proportion of hardness have both decline. Old "grow" (also called old pit old factory, etc.) of jadeite, exquisite compact structure, particle size uniform, tiny imperceptible crack not development, its hardness is the highest proportion, good quality jade. But not necessarily transparency. Old and new kind of jadeite jade between species and old kind, is in the slope CanJi between in-situ hisui, without natural handling or short natural handling emerald. New species jadeite jade B was making goods of raw material. Hisui "to" means the emerald green part and green outside part of clean degree and water (transparency) and color coordination between the degree, with "kind", "water" and "color" between mutual relations. Folk say "ground" "land, zhang" or "bottom barrier", etc. Cui and chui part outside wants to coordinate, such as cui good must cui and Tracy better set off, only external water-dividing coordination, if cui very well but cui external water-dividing poor impurities, called "dirty color good color to poor". Cui's "water" and "grow" wants to coordinate, such as "grow" old color is very good, water and good, impurity dirty color less, foil each other, strongly against the emerald of feeling beautiful, embellish bright and value. "To" structure should be fine, tonal should be spread evenly, impurities, dirty color, have less transparency, mutual care can say "ground". Good "ground" says glass, waxy change, egg white. Bad "land," says lime, dog excrement ground etc. Water bad hisui says "bottom dry". Hisui "water" refers to its transparency, also called the head. The water and jadeite jade structure, i.e. with relevant related to "grow". Still with impurity in relevant, those "grow" old, less impurity, uniform size, high grade synthetic diamond emerald water is good. Hisui "foggy" refers to the skin (emerald has weathered or oxidative) with hisui internal (no weathering or oxidative) or weigh fleshy between a half oxidation of hard jade breeze. Essentially it is also part of jadeite, from weathering crust weathering of meat (not a transitional emerald). The fog of color and existence can explain how many internal impurities, jade "grow" is always the stand or fall of new, transparency and its internal clean degree, etc. But it cannot explain whether there is a green, which has nothing to do with green. Fog points white, yellow, red, grey and black, etc. If the ground to pale skin, exposing the white say white mist shallow, explain inside lesser impurity to "ground" clean, have certain through degrees, if under have green, white fog is very pure green, and to match each other is priceless. White mist also explains "kind" the old, the average people like wager white mist. Yellow fog display inside of iron and other elements is gradually oxidation, but still no serious oxidation. If the pure light yellow fog, display impurity element less, often appear high cui, but sometimes because of iron ions produced turquoise tone may enter lattice of jadeite, also appears small slant glaucous adjustable green. Red mist illustrate the outside iron element has heavy oxidation, may emerald ash internal appear to "ground". Fog is mainly for many impurities, display elements oxidation induced by internal impurities, emerald transparency is poor. Individual fog also can appear high cui, but sometimes the water was very poor. Not all hisui all can produce the mist, some jade jade and no place in mist. Generally can produce fog emerald raw material productive in old factory and the new old plant of mines. Hisui "tinea" refers to the jadeite skin or internal saw a black black patches, strip, tinea shapes sizes, these black tinea main mineral stone, blue for Angle shem flash stone schist, chromite and some oxidate, because these black mineral and cause color of chromium ion source has close relationship, and black mineral better.thank tinea within the chromite continuously releases cause color chromium ion, under appropriate conditions, which makes the jade to green. It is closely related with green tinea Folk say "black with green go", "green" etc. Eat tinea But there are tinea is not necessarily green, green is not necessarily ringworm, should see tinea generation environment and time, and with the scab whether have chrome elements within the existence, and other factors. Reason folk have again "dying tinea" and "living tinea" said. In the process of generating hisui and after many geological movement, multiple hydrothermal activity, have chrome elements release of geological environment, can make the emerald to green. At this time is not necessarily ringworm, tinea with green concern is not big. If ringworm and jadeite symbiosis, be helpful for cr element release the geological conditions, hydrothermal activity, tinea within the chromium continuously releasing color, when geological environment changes against cr element releasing colors, terminate cause color, can produce black with green go phenomenon, called live tinea. Generate hisui later, produce "tinea" without cr element release the geological conditions produce tinea says die "tinea". According to the green jade materials with ringworm, small structures and tumor, hisui mineral with ringworm of puncture relationship, can accurate judgement of the living "tinea" and death "tinea". Tinea and the relationship between green can points, tinea with green mutual tolerance easy separation, tinea with green gradual transition or boundaries with trenchant, green apart from a distance, ringworm of the three parties exist alone. Sometimes tinea side have "SongHua" display, which instructions haversian canal unmarked green green, but how many, shape real cannot judge. In the jade materials on the skin epidermis, see with same or deep or of light color weathering, half weathering in banded form circular sand block etc regularly have directional alignment of phenomenon, explain the original stone local by directional dynamic metamorphism and hydrothermal alteration is strongly influenced by the common function, make its have internal may make chrome elements release and the green. What kind of umbilical cord place is not necessarily green, must have "SongHua" appear, ability shows which may have green. Squamate explains "kind" the old. Python with general parallel green, green toward (towards) or said green pulse shape, mostly for primary fissure filling chromium ion of color. Hisui epidermis faintly visible some like dry moss as color piece, patch, strip tvashtar says "SongHua". Refers to the original jade materials is green, classics decency has gradually blank impressions left. According to SongHua color depth, shape, direction and revelry, being weaved, predictable inside green depth, direction, size, shape, etc. Observe to sheung shui in raw material carefully on research. Also called crack tuft, cracked says crack, compound or filled with substance called collaterals. Crack tuft divided into primary crack tuft, namely with the original stone is generated. Later, namely after cracking tuft diagenesis generator. Original crack tuft some has been late hydrothermal activity, repair, some inside filling the later minerals. Late crack tuft mostly naked eye is visible, of jadeite original rock integrity damage is very large. Crack tuft divisible big crack tuft, small tuft, ribbed tuft, fine strands, etc. Some crack the green channel will lock cut, dislocation. Some green channel itself is cracked tuft, after filling by green. According to the distribution of crack tuft rate estimation do to valuations. In the original stone those DiAo part is cracked tuft existing sites. White cotton refers to emerald internal saw a plaque shape, the ribbon, filamentous, corrugated translucent, micro transparent white minerals. The main composition is white mineral feldspar, times for XiaShi steiner, fang zeolite, etc. And some gas liquid bag body composition. Is halcyon inside the impurity content, the serious influence of jadeite quality and beautiful. It will greatly influence the existence of emerald price. And green and green between white cotton. Also may be hard jade itself, this belongs to the green caused by uneven distribution. Most hisui powedered raw materials have leather, super hisui also have leather. Hisui leather is hisui raw materials in the handling process of the weathering and form. The color of skin, black, grey, yellow, brown, yellow, white wait for color, the color of skin is the formation of the two kinds of geological effects by comprehensive, namely emerald external oxidation make iron hydroxides penetrates into tiny micro fracture face of jadeite, again with skin oxidation of impurity element is the result of interaction between. According to the skin color, density degree, guangrun degrees, the concavo-convex degree can be roughly estimate the colour of jade materials inside, head to bad, bad, old tender and cracks of Rachel's much. If the skin compact, renew the performance usually shows its internal good diaphaneity less impurity, skin surface were not significantly moss strings, often reflect the display inside there may be green, leather face bumpy rough, who showed inside crack Vito, texture osteoporosis, water is poor. Be like again hisui skin color change is big, and a black such as tinea curvilinear plaques, who should note that a green appear likely. Black uriah sand iron impurity of many, even haversian canal green, most for slant blue and green. Yellow sanded skin after handle sand loss, sheung shui, general head foot. Brown leather say the HuangShan skin, average kind of very old, if the skin tender and sees the moss lexically shape and black strip cover its inland good may have high cui. Hisui leather learning a lot of, want comprehensive judgment estimate inside. Cui sex also referred to as the "fly wings". Is hisui endemic symbol. Refers to the composition of jadeite mineral crystal and cleavage plane in the flake Tracy flash. When the composition of jadeite mineral grains bulky, particularly evident. This is the "emerald green jade sexual". If the jadeite mineral grains microscopic granular, rare "cui sex", because the double faces. And cleavage too small be caused by. As glass to emerald naked eye cannot see "cui sex". Appreciation of China's jewelry industry sayings in the long-term predecessor, emerald processing production practice, summed up a lot about jadeite experience, and with concise motto of form, expressed to these characteristics of jadeite. Remember that these proverbs, and can understand and experience including the profound connotation, will benefit for life. "The light color" actually, not view any jewelry all should not be in the light color of quality evaluation. For it is a little jade is particularly important. This is because the color of jadeite, especially flash ash, shem blue and green jade color such as oil, under a light visual effect than below natural light color effect very much. Therefore, lamplight can only see the lock of crack, see jade head length, see ZhaoYing degree or other features. But below natural light, view and evaluates the emerald green. The chromatism wait ten times of price for high-grade hisui speaking, I'm afraid I've more than ten times the price difference. For example: a grain of 50 thousand yuan halcyon ring surface with a grain of 500 thousand yuan halcyon ring surface, emerald quality? Style, size, water and flaws? Is a first-class, spotless, the price difference between key lies in the green on crystallization. And how to realize and emerald green various distinguish differences is extremely important, at least seen and experienced. "See more than buy" about buying hisui original rock speaking, "read" is a selection process, A comparison of the process, Is a process of accumulation and validation experience, Is "buy" of premise. "Little buy" is not not buy, but remind you to "see" good buy again. "Better buy a line, don't buy a large" for the green jade original rock shape characteristics, it "line"? Band green? With "a large" by skin green? Is the same kind of green shape of two kinds of forms, a "line"? Made of? With "piece"? Lie sexual respectively. "Line" thickness is known, and depth is unknown, "Piece" of the area is known, and thickness is unknown. Maxim key lies in the reminder, don't be emerald green on surface of "more" and "little" deluded, should be recognized green "stand sex" and "lie sexual" essence. So, not really saw a large area of green jade also don't buy, but remind of green thickness has not too extravagant hopes. "Dragon everywhere just have water" the so-called "dragon" is actually refers to the green jade. That is: normally, whether in texture, thick degree or transparent extent, there are green parts than no green place? To the son? , better. Sometimes, of course, emerald green and the difference between the son of performance is too intense, like a maxim said. Dog excrement ground son out high green.

选购

The choose and buy

　　①看颜色。看颜色是否纯正、浓艳、均匀，并用聚光手电筒检查是否有隐藏的杂色。以颜色浓艳、纯正、均匀，杂质微小者为佳。翡翠中翠绿色具有较高的价位，其次为红色、紫色。绿色中又以鲜嫩、略带黄色调的含三分水的秧苗绿（又称“杨淼”绿）为最佳，其次为宝石绿、江水绿、油绿，均以绿分布均匀者好。 　　②观察透明度。在强光下观察，透明度愈高愈好。 　　③听声音。敲击声清脆悦耳者为佳。 　　④观察翠性和石花。对光观察，翡翠中有其他矿物颗粒的闪光（即翠性），并常有团块状白花，称石花。两者均以少为好。 　　⑤看裂痕和黑斑。裂痕有的是原矿中存在的，也有的是加工造成的，以少为好；黑斑是翡翠中各处的黑色斑点，也以少而小为好。 　　⑥看加工水平。以表面平滑、抛光好、形态正为佳。 　　《翡翠鉴赏与购买小贴士》 　　一是要看它的质地.要选透明度较好的.翡翠的透过光照可以看到有部分雾状或斑状,而玻璃仿制品是没有这些特征的,这种仿制品做的再好也会有气泡的. 　　二是翡翠硬度很高.翡翠的硬度是其它的玉石类和玻璃都无法与之相比的.翡翠是可以划玻璃的,如果划不出任何痕迹就值得怀疑了. 　　三是翡翠的比重大,掂在手上有沉重感,而玻璃仿制品就显得轻飘飘的. 　　四是要看做工.最好是用4倍以上的放大镜看. 　　五要货比三家,价比三家. 　　剩下的就是要多走多看,多和有经验的人交流,特别是要多去专卖店看,真品和珍品看得多,再去选购心里就会有个谱.在翡翠市场上除了真假之分以外,对于翡翠自身来说也还是有一个优劣之别的,它们的区别不是体现在价格之间的几倍之差,翡翠之间优劣之差是要有用平方来计算的. 　　翡翠的优劣应从颜色、透明度、形状和是否有杂质这四方面来观察. 　　颜色必须要正,浓艳而又均匀.其透明度要好,质地要细润. 　　翡翠的形状、大小、厚度要合适,磨工精细. 　　翡翠的地子与翡翠的绿色互为依存，关系非常密切。一般来说，绿色种水好的情况下，地子通常也不会太差，反之亦然。而格言主要提醒人们：不要忽视翡翠绿色的特殊性。虽然不是每一个“狗屎地子”都会有高档的绿色。但是″狗屎地子″中可以出现上等的绿色。 　　《无绺不遮花》 　　《礼记》云：“大圭不琢，美其质也。”事实上，高档的翡翠绿色通常也都是以“素”身的形式，来表现其自然本质的。例如旧货中的搬指、翎管之类都属于“素活”。如果雕有花纹图案，其美丽的花纹之下必有跷蹊。故而业内流传有“无绺不遮花”的说法。现代的翡翠制品中同样如此。 　　《冷眼观炝绿》 　　所谓“炝绿”乃是指一种加色的“假翡翠”，这是一种老掉牙的伎俩。时下的做假手段有“冲凉”、“洗澡”和“镀膜”等。当然任何作假或许得逞于一时，而不会永远不露马脚的。以前的格言是对行内人说的，是提醒人们要重视第一眼的感觉，不要放过任何疑点。因此，对于消费者来说，不妨也“冷眼”一点。一定要到信誉好、有质量保证的商店去购买翡翠。 　　挑选与估价原则 　　上等品质的硬玉称其为翡翠，色、透、匀、形、敲是一般人观赏或评价玉石的方法，并将玉石分为：玻璃种、深色老坑、老坑、金丝、油清、豆青、花青、瓜青等。其中以玻璃种的翡翠为上品，而「水分」特高、透明度佳的又叫作「冰种」，可说是「玻璃种」中的珍品。大部分购买玉镯的消费者可能都有这样的经验，那就是商家会当你的面敲玉镯，听听看其声音是否清脆不含浊，而以清脆悠扬有回音者为佳。这样做即是欲证明玉石的结晶紧密质地好且无裂纹。 　　1.翡翠之绿：愈娇绿的愈具价值。 　　2.透 明 度：硬玉内部结晶组织紧密的质地较好，透明度也跟着高，我们所说的「玻璃种」就是这种透明度高的硬玉，如因玉石本身含铬丰富则形成了冰种翡翠，价值不菲且难求。 　　3.色 匀：除了颜色娇绿，透明度高之外，还必须色调均匀才是上品。 　　4.瑕 疵：要注意有无裂纹、斑点等，这些瑕疵都会影响硬玉的品质。 　　5.形 状：大多数的翡翠戒面是椭圆蛋面形的，至於其它的形状则有多种，形状的好坏与美丽对玉石的价格也是有影响的。 　　6.雕 工：雕件的佩饰其工夫的好坏与象徵的意义都对价格有影响。 　　7.大小、厚度：相同品质的玉石当然是以大而厚的价格较高。 　　8.光 泽：除了上述条件外，光泽还要鲜明，不可阴暗。

1 see color. See whether pure color, rich and gaudy, and even, and light-gathering flashlight check whether has the hidden mottled. With color rich and gaudy, pure, uniform, the impurities tiny is preferred. Emerald green has higher price in, next is red, purple. Green and yellow moves with fresh and tender and slightly containing three water-dividing seedlings green (also called "YangMiao" green) for best, followed by gem is green, river green, fine, all with green uniform distributed the good. (2) observation transparency. When light under the observation, the higher the better transparency. (3) hear voice. Knock ringing and euphonic is preferred. 4 observation cui sex and stone-bar. Optical observations, hisui have other mineral grains flash (namely emerald green sex), and often crumb white, says stone-bar. Both less as well. Will5 see cracks and shading. Cracks have existed in ore processing, also have a plenty of cause, with little for good; Shading is jade in the black spots everywhere, also by little and little as well. 6 see processing level. With the surface smooth, polishing, good form is preferred. The jadeite appreciation and purchase tips: "one is to see its texture. Choose good diaphaneity. Emerald light can see through some mist shape or erythema shape, and glass are not these characteristics of imitations, this kind of imitations do again good will also have bubbles. 2 is a high rigidity of jadeite jade. Hardness is other jade classes and glass can match. Hisui is can delimit glass, if delimit not give any marks, she deserves suspicion of jadeite. Three is more than major, weigh in hand in hands were heavy feeling, and glass imitations appear, light. The fourth is to see work. It is better to use 4 times than the magnifying glass look. Five to compare, price than three. The rest is to walk more look, more and more experienced people exchanges, especially want much to store look, genuine and curiosa see more, go to the choose and buy heart will have a spectrum. In the jadeite market besides the true and false, for hisui itself outside points is also is still a better from other, the difference is not reflected in the price between several times difference, the difference between jadeite quality is to useful square come calculative. Hisui from the superiority of color and transparency, shape and whether these four aspects are impurities to observe. Color must is, gaudy and evenly. Its transparency is better, texture to renew. Hisui the shape, size and thickness should be proper, millers fine. Hisui land with emerald green son are interdependent, a close relationship. Generally speaking, green water good circumstances, to the son is generally not bad, and vice versa. And motto main reminder: do not ignore the particularity of the emerald green. Though not every "dog excrement ground son" will have top-grade green. But "dog excrement ground son" can appear the finest green. "Have no tuft don't hide flowers" "ceremonies.from" cloud: "big humanity does not sparkle beauty its qualitative also." In fact, emerald green usually upscale also are "element" body form, to show its natural essence. For example the flea move fingers and yi tube, belong to "element live". If carved decorative pattern design, its beautiful decorative pattern will QiaoQi under. So the from "no tuft don't hide flowers" view. Modern jade products in the same. The Qiang green contumely view of so-called "green" Qiang but refers a plus color "false" jade, this is a kind of old trick. Nowadays do false means "cold", "bath" and "coating", etc. Of course any false might succeed in time, and won't never LouMaJiao. Previous motto is for insider said, is to remind people attention should be paid to the first feeling, don't let go of any doubts. Therefore, to consumer, might as well also "sober" point. Must arrive good reputation, quality assurance of the shop of jade. Chosen and superior quality appraisal principles of hardware jade say that it is halcyon, color, clarity, divide evenly, form, knock is generally watching or evaluation method, and jade jade is divided into: glass, brunet old pit, old pit, silk, oil qing, pea flower green, melon green etc. Among them with glass of jadeite is top grade, and "water" special high, transparency better is called "ice", is "glass" of the treasures. Most buy a jade bracelet customers may have such experience, that is businessman will knock a jade bracelet, your face, the sound listen to see whether ringing excluding turbid, and with crispy melodious have echo is preferred. Doing so means to proof jade crystallization close texture is good and no crack. 1. The emerald green: more charming green more valuable. 2. Through lightness: hard jade internal crystalline organization close texture is good, transparency also follow high, what we call a "glass" is this high transparency hard jade, jade itself if because of the rich containing cr is formed ice kind of jadeite, worth and it is difficult to find. 3. Color well: besides color jiao green, high transparency besides, still must tonal uniform is top grade. 4. Without blemish: should pay attention to brighten spots, these cracks and flaws will affect the quality of hard jade. 5. Form shape: most of the jade ring surface is oval shape egg face, as for other shapes are various, better and beautiful shape of jade price also is an influence. 6. Carving carved pieces of work: the time better and baldric of symbolic meanings of prices have influence. 7. Size and thickness: with the same quality jade of course is large and thick prices higher. 8. Light ze: in addition to the above conditions outside, still not dark bright, burnish.

保养

maintenance

　　翡翠具有较强的韧性,但不要把这一特性误解为不怕摔打.殊不知翡翠同样需精心保养.在佩戴翡翠首饰时,应尽量避免使它从高处坠落或撞击硬物,尤其是有少量裂纹的翡翠首饰.否则很容易破裂或损伤. 　　翡翠首饰是高雅圣洁的象征,若长期使它接触油污,油污则易沾在表面,影响光彩.有时污浊的油垢沿翡翠首饰的裂纹充填,很不雅观.因此在佩戴翡翠首饰时,要保持翡翠首饰的清洁,得经常在中性洗涤剂中用软布清洗,抹干后再用绸布擦亮. 　　翡翠首饰在雕琢之后,往往都上有川蜡以增加其美艳程度.所以翡翠首饰不能与酸、碱和有机溶剂接触.即使是未上蜡的翡翠首饰,因为它们是多矿物的集合体,也应切忌与酸、碱长期接触.这些化学试剂都会对翡翠首饰表面产生腐蚀作用.另外也不要将翡翠首饰长期放在箱里,时间久了翡翠首饰也会“失水”变干. 　　1、翡翠也要休息 　　定期对翡翠进行清洗：将其浸泡在清水中 30 分钟，如果因为长期佩戴使其表面出现脏污，只要在浸泡后用小软刷轻轻擦洗翡翠即可。这样腐蚀性的物质就很难长期存在在翡翠表面对其进行损伤，同时又能补回翡翠在夏季高温或你在洗桑那时失去的“水分”。一个月进行一次清洗是很必要的，在酷热的南方，每天都洗澡，注意，如果喜欢洗热水澡还是把心爱的翠翠取下来吧。平常洗澡时就用沐浴液洗也可以 　　另外：每次清洗时要注意观察一下挂绳是否有磨损、镶嵌饰品是否有松动，这样及时检修、保养能及时发现送回店内进行维护，避免由于挂绳断裂、镶口松开而造成翡翠摔坏丢失。 　　2、盛夏的保养 　　盛夏将至，人们流汗量增多，在人的汗液中所含有的盐份与挥发性脂肪酸以及尿素等物质， 会慢慢地侵蚀翡翠的外表。从而使翡翠的“亮度”与光泽遭到破坏。所以，夏季里最好不要将翡翠拿在手中把玩，而那些佩戴在身上与肌肤贴近的饰件，如手镯、挂件等，要经常在中性洗涤液（相信吗，你的中性洗面奶或沐浴液就很好）就用手清洗，个别雕工麻烦的，可以用软毛刷（各种毛笔是不错的选择）轻刷，放在阴凉除吹干即可（我就直接又戴上了）。切记！！翡翠首饰也应切忌与酸、碱和有机溶剂长期接触，例如各种化妆品、香水、美发剂等，都会对其表面产生腐蚀作用。 　　3、翡翠怕高温 　　翡翠经过烤灼会使其内部分子体积增大，使玉质产生变态，造成翡翠失去温润的水分，使其种质变干，而其颜色也会变浅。因此去日照强烈的沙滩等地游玩时尽量不要佩戴翡翠首饰，避免过强的阳光对其直接照射；还有喜欢蒸桑拿朋友，在进桑拿房前也要将翡翠饰物取下，不要让翡翠长期处于高温湿热的环境下；在烹饪时也尽量避免使翡翠与高温或明火接触，最好是在烹饪时能取下翡翠饰品以防翡翠受到损伤。

Hisui has strong toughness, but don't take this one character misunderstandings for fear. But hisui same inferno need careful maintenance. In wearing jade jewelry, should avoid to make it from falling or hit abvance, especially with a small amount of crack jadeite jewelry. Otherwise easily broken or damaged. Jadeite jewelry is decorous holy symbol, if long-term make it contact with oil, grease will tend to influence in the surface, glorious. Sometimes dirty oil dirties along the jadeite jewelry crack filling, not very tasteful. So in wearing jade jewelry, want to maintain the cleanness of jadeite jewelry, often in neutral detergent with soft cloth and wipe dry cleaning reoccupy after ChouBu polish. Hisui jewelry in carve, after have sichuan wax tend to increase the colourful jade jewelry should not be degree. So with acid, alkali and organic solvent contact. Even if it is not waxing emerald jewelry, because they are more than the aggregation of minerals, also should avoid by all means with acid, alkali long-term contact. These chemical reagent for jadeite jewelry will surface corrode. Additionally also will not jadeite jewelry for a long time in box, time is long jadeite jewelry can also be "loca" dry. 1, hisui will rest on a regular basis hisui cleaning: the soaking in clean water for 30 minutes, if because long-term wearing make its surface appear smudgy, as long as in after soaking with small soft brush gently scrub hisui can. Such corrosive substances are difficult to exist for a long time in the jade surface on the injury, simultaneously could recover jade in the summer heat or you in mulberry then wash the missing "water". A month on a cleaning is very necessary, in the heat of the south, were bathed every day, attention, if you like hot bath or cherished cui cui off it. Usually when bathing use bath wash also can also: every time when cleaning should pay attention to examine whether there is hanged rope wear, inlaid jewellery, so if there's any loose timely repair, maintenance can promptly found back to in-store maintenance, avoid the hang rope, with mouth loosen fracture caused by hisui broke lost. 2, midsummer maintenance midsummer will come, people sweat increases amount, in man's sweat is contained in salt and volatile fatty acids and urea etc material, will slowly eroded hisui appearance. Thus the jadeite gloss "brightness" and undermined. So, the summer had better not put jade take in your hand, while those who wear fiddled with in the body and skin of press close to trim, such as bracelets, pendant, often in a neutral detergent (do you believe, your neutral grandma or bath is very good with the hand cleaning,) individual carver trouble, can using a soft bristle brush (various brush is a good choice) light brush, except in cool and dry can (I will direct and wear a). Remember!! Jadeite jewelry also should avoid by all means with acid, alkali and organic solvent long-term contact, such as different perfume, cosmetics, hairdressing agents etc, will be on the surface of corrode. 3, jadeite jade after baking afraid of high temperature burning will make its internal molecular increase in size, making the jade produce abnormal, causing hisui lose warm moisture, make its kind of qualitative dry, and its color will also becomes shallow. Therefore to sunshine is intense beach etc. To play as far as possible when not wearing jade jewelry, avoid a strong sunlight on its direct illuminate, And like the sauna into sauna room friends, also want to get off, jade ornaments in the long run, don't let jade hot humid environment; In when cooking also avoid make jade and high temperature or open flame contacts, had better be to be in when cooking can take down in case of jadeite jade jewelry is damaged.

加工工艺

Processing technology

　　俗话说的好，玉不琢不成器。翡翠玉由于其高硬度高比重和以翠色翡色紫色为主的丰富颜色，以及其原料（特别是高档料）非常稀少而珍贵，被称为玉中之王。因此，其加工程序、加工材料、加工工具和加工设备有别于其他玉石。现将翡翠玉加工流程和工序介绍如下： 　　一、选料： 这是重要的开端，翡翠玉料多般带皮壳，是世界上唯一带皮壳的玉石，故也称为赌石或赌货，也是其他玉石所没有的。 因此，选料的关键是加工用途，做摆件？器件？手镯？挂件？戒指还是戒面等。原料的特征与加工用途的关系非常密切，如果选择不好，不仅浪费原料，加工出来也会亏本。 　　二、开料： 也是关键一环节，有些人赌石心切，往往一刀而下，不仅可能把翠切掉（因为好翠往往是较薄的），也有可能做不了整体雕刻艺术品，失去其本来的价值。一般正常程序是先擦皮看玉石表面特征，比如翠色的走向，裂隙的发育与走向，翡色和紫色等颜色，黑色的分布状况，种水里外变化分析与估计，原石的外形等特征。其次，根据原石整体状况与可能做加工的用途来确定。然后，再决定是整个原料做雕件，还是切开来做。 　　三、用途定位与设计： 　　1、做小件：考虑用途与出成率。如圆雕件和手镯等。 　　2、做小雕件：如做玉佩和腰牌等，要考虑做什么图案，既用上原料的优势特征，又符合雕件图案的要求。否则，容易出废品。 　　3、 做摆件：主题图案的选择确定与原料的特征的关系密切，是非常关键首要的环节。如设计做人物类，关键是看原石是否有无杂质，或干净一点的部位做人物的脸，还要考虑原石是否够人物的比例使用等因素。完美的翡翠玉器，都是经过创意设计精工而成的翡翠玉艺术品。雕件设计上根据原石色、种、水、形、裂、黑、玉质等特征，将原石提高到最大价值为原则。 一般雕件图案：人物、山子、吉祥类、动物类、花卉类对原料的要求是不同的。雕件主题图案与相配衬托图案是有原则和有比例的，而不是图案的简单堆积。 　　四、加工工艺流程： 　　一、切割： 　　１、小件：分步切割成不同用途规格的大小，把不能用或不符合规格的片料，改变其加工用途，达到物以尽用。 　　２、摆件：根据设计图案要求，切割成大致毛坯。 　　二、铡：用金刚石砂轮（粗号砂）进一步打去无用部分成粗毛坯。 　　三、錾：用金刚石（中号砂）砂轮进一步打去凸凹部分和整个表面无用部分。 　　四、冲：用金刚石砂轮或圆砣，将上一工序的粗毛坯，进一步冲成粗坯。 　　五;、磨：用各种规格磨砣磨出图案圆雕部分样坯，如水果、山石和树根等。 　　六、雕： 　　１、轧：用轧砣过细，开出人物、动物、山水和花卉等图案的外形。如开脸、动物身体和树木花卉根茎叶等。 　　２、勾：用勾砣或各形钉勾出细纹饰，象人的鬓发、胡子、凤毛、动物毛、鳞和植物的叶纹等。 　　３、收光：一般大型有实力的工厂都有这一道工序，采用专用工具和材料，把前面雕刻工序多余刻痕和砂眼磨平整，为下一道打磨抛光工序打下良好的基础。 　　五、雕刻方法： 　　中国是有七千多年文明历史的古国，那么玉石加工也有了七千年的历史。在玉石雕刻的历史长河中，我们的祖先创造了非常先进的雕玉工具和玉雕方法，我们将许许多多的玉雕方法当中常用的一部分，简单介绍如下： 　　１、浮雕：指凸雕，有浅浮雕，深浮雕；俏色雕。如：福禄寿禧等。 　　２、透雕：是指透空雕，有十字透空雕，有圆形透空雕，有纹饰透空雕等。如：动物的下肢和树枝等。 　　３、镂雕：是指将玉石镂空，而不透空，有深镂空（如：花瓶、笔筒等）和浅镂空（如：笔洗、烟缸等）。 　　４、线雕：是指线刻、丝雕，如：人物的头发，动物的毛发和水浪等。 　　５、阴雕：是指凹下部分的一种雕刻方法，如：阴阳八卦等。 　　６、圆雕：是指圆弧形雕刻，如：茶壶、茶杯和球形玉件等。 　　六、打磨抛光工艺 　　一、打磨： 　　１、人工打磨：属半机械化，人工通过磨机，用各形金刚砂轮工具，从粗磨至细磨，精磨到亚光。 　　２、机器打磨：属全机械化，通过振机用金刚砂完成从粗磨到细磨、精磨各工序。一般圆雕小玉件打磨时间，正常需３至４天。 　　二、抛光： 　　１、人工抛光：人工通过抛光机，用各类抛光工具和抛光材料抛出亮光。 　　２、机器抛光：振机加抛光材料，一般圆雕小玉件正常需２至３天完工。 人工打磨抛光比机器自动打磨抛光，一般打磨抛光时间长，成本较高，但效果也较好，保留雕刻纹饰的立体与雕峰风格。 　　七、装潢 　　１、摆件的装潢：配底座是摆件最重要的装潢，摆件配座的材料和款式很多，配得好可达到艺术与价值的提升。 　　２、包装：是最后一个环节，一件美丽的翡翠玉商品，有好的包装包括内包装和外包装，配套包装，既有装饰美化上档次效果，还有保护与运输之功能。

As the saying goes, and the aptest child needs teaching. Jadeite jade due to its high hardness and high proportion with attendants fei color purple mainly, and its rich colors (especially high-grade raw materials is rare and valuable, known as the king of jade. Therefore, its processing procedure, processing materials, processing tools and machining equipment from other jade. Now the jadeite jade machining process and procedure is introduced as follows: 1, material: this is significant start, jadeite jade expected much like the shell with the skin, is the world's only with the skin, so also the shell of jade called bet stone or wager goods, but also other jade do not have. Therefore, it is the key to the use of processing, do furnishing articles? Device? Bracelet? Hang? Rings or quit surface, etc. Raw materials and features of the use of processing a close relationship, if choose is bad, not only waste materials, processing out also will lose money. Second, opens the material: is a key link, some people bet stone swiftly, often a sword, not only may the emerald cut off (because good cui often is thinner), but also may do overall carved artwork, have lost their value. Normal program is brushed first skin surface characteristics, such as watching jade attendants directions, and the fracture development and trend, fei color and purple color, black distribution, water inside and change analysis and estimate, the original stone shape features. Secondly, according to the original stone overall condition and may do processing USES to determine. Then, decide again is the entire carved pieces, or raw materials do cut to do. Three, use positioning and design: 1, do small: consider usage and out into rate. If the round pieces and bracelets, etc. 2, doing little carved thing: if do these waist and brand etc, want to consider what pattern, already use raw material, and in conformity with the advantage of carved pieces of characteristic pattern of requirements. Otherwise, easy out trash. 3, do furnishing articles: theme pattern of choosing and materials to the features of a close relationship is very important to the first link. Such as design personhood was, the key is to see whether the original rock without impurities, or clean little parts do characters of face, consider whether enough original rock the proportion of such factors as characters use. Perfect jadeite jade, through creative design and become jadeite jade seiko artwork. Carved pieces of design according to the original ShiSe, kind, water, form, crack, black, jade features, such as the original stone increased to maximum value for the principle. General carved pieces pattern: figures, hill-between, auspicious kind, animal figurines, flowers type for raw materials of requirement is different. Carved pieces of theme of pattern and suitable foil design have principle and have scale, rather than pattern of the simple accumulation. Four, process flow: a, cutting: 1, small step by cutting into different USES: the size of the specification, cannot use or does not conform to the specifications of slice materials, change its use of processing, achieve things to do with. 2, furnishing articles: according to the design requirements, cutting into roughly blank. Second, Zha: with diamond wheel (coarse sand) further call number into thick blank. Part useless Third, neither: a diamond (medium sand wheels further play to the concavo-convex part and the entire surface useless parts. Four, blunt: with diamond grinding or circular mound, will go up a process of coarse blank, further rushed into thick slab. Five, , grinding: with different specifications grinding mound grinded sample pattern in the round, part, such as billet rock and roots fruit, etc. Six, engraving: 1, rolling: a corrugated mound interloper, prescribing character, animal, landscape and flower pattern such as appearance. If KaiLian, animal body and trees and flowers rhizome leaves, etc. 2, hook: use hook mound or each shape nail tick the fine grain, like the person mane of hair and beard, phoenix feathers, animal wool scale and plant, leaf pattern, etc. 3, collecting light: general large a strength of the factories have this procedure, using special tools and materials, the carving process redundant Nick and sand holes for grinding smooth, down a grinding and polishing processes and lay the good foundation. Five, carving methods: China is 7,000 years history of civilization, ancient country, then jade machining also had seven thousand years of history. The jade carving history, our ancestors created the very advanced carved jade tools and jade carving methods, we shall many jade carving method of commonly used part of simple introduction as follows: 1, anaglyph: refers to the protruding carve, have bas-relief, deep anaglyph, Qiao color carving. Such as: ofcloisonne wares, etc. 2, valuable.such handiwork: refers to the nearby carving, cross nearby carving, circular nearby, grain carving nearby carving etc. E.g. animals of the lower limbs and branches, etc. 3, LouDiao: refers to jade hollow out, without nearby, have deep hollow out (such as: pencil vase, etc) and shallow hollow out (e.g. stake, ashtray, etc.). 4, engravings were: refers to the line carve, silk carving, such as: character hair, of animal hair and water wave, etc. 5, Yin carved: refers to the sunken under portion of a carving methods, such as: Yin and Yang gossip, etc. 6, the round: refers to the circular carving, such as: the teapot, teacup and spherical jade pieces etc. Six, grinding and polishing craft a, burnish: 1, artificial buffing: belonging to half mechanization, artificially through grinding machine, with various shape emery wheel tools, from coarse grinding and fine grinding, fine grinding to inferior smooth. 2, machine burnish: belong to all mechanized, through the vibration machine with emery completion from coarse grinding to fine grinding and fine grinding various processes. Generally in the round, jade pieces of grinding time, normal need 3 to 4 days. Second, polishing: 1, artificial polishing: artificial through polisher, and with all kinds of polishing tools and polishing materials throw light. 2, machine polishing: vibration machine add polishing materials, generally in the round, jade pieces of normal need 2 to 3 days completion. Artificially grinding and polishing than machines automatic grinding and polishing, general grinding and polishing time is long, the cost is higher, but the effect is better also, retain carving grain of 3-d and carved peak style. Seven, decorate the decoration: 1, furnishing articles furnishing articles with base is the most important decoration, furnishing articles with seat materials and design many, match well can achieve art and promoted the value. 2, packing: is the last link, a beautiful thing jadeite jade goods, have good package includes outer packing and inner packing, complementary packaging, both room decorates beautification effect, and has the function of protection and transportation.

编辑本段中国四大国宝翡翠

Edit this paragraph four Chinese national treasure jade

　　我国的四大国宝翡翠——岱岳奇观、含香聚瑞、群芳览胜、四海腾欢，现陈列在北京中国工艺美术馆“珍宝馆”,由北京玉器厂的近40名玉雕大师,利用四块大型裴翠原料,从1982年开始,耗时整整六年时间精雕细刻而成的四件异常珍贵的玉雕作品。

China's four big treasure jade - haidai yue wonders, contained sweet poly Switzerland, LanSheng, four seas tenghui crowned huan, presently displayed in Beijing China handicraft art gallery ", "ZhenBaoGuan by Beijing jade carving plant of nearly 40 master, using four large emerald raw material, from 1982 to, time-consuming, whole six years with great care and into four pieces of extremely precious jade carving works.

翡翠景观《岱岳奇观》

Hisui landscape "haidai yue wonders"

　　高78厘米,宽83厘米,厚50厘米,重363.8公斤。这件作品以珍贵的翠绿充分表现泰山正面的景色,突出了十八盘、玉皇顶、云步桥等奇景,显示了泰山的雄伟气势和深邃意境。

High 78 cm wide, 83 centimeters thick 50 centimeters, heavy 363.8 kilograms. This works with precious green full performance taishan positive view, highlighted the 18th dish, YuHuangDing, cloud wonderland step bridge, the majestic, showing the taishan vigour and profound artistic conception.

翡翠花薰《含香聚瑞》

Hisui flower embalm the contained sweet poly Carrie

　　高71厘米、宽56厘米、厚40厘米,重274公斤。薰的主身是以两个半圆合成的圆球体,集圆雕、深浅蓝浮雕、镂空雕于一体,综合体现了我国当代琢玉技艺无可比拟的高、精、尖水平。

High 71 cm wide, 56 cm, thick 40 centimeters, heavy 274 kilograms. Embalmed body is Lord of two semicircle synthetic round sphere, set the round, deep shallow blue embossment, carve into an organic whole, comprehensive reflected in modern China cut jade skill incomparable high-quality precisioninstrument, level.

翡翠花篮《群芳览胜》

Hisui LanSheng "basket" qunfang

　　篮高64厘米,其中满插牡丹、菊花、月季、山茶等四季香花,是当今世界最高大的一个翡翠花篮。这只篮上的两条玉链各40厘米长,各含32个玉环。玉雕大师足足花了整整八个月的时间才完成。

64 centimeters, including high basket full inserted peony, chrysanthemum, Chinese rose, camellia etc seasons fragrant flower, in today's world is one of the tallest emerald basket. This only basket on each of the two jade chain, each containing 40 centimeters long 32 yuhuan. Jade carving masters fully spent all the time of 8 months to complete.

翡翠插屏《四海腾欢》

Hisui leaps huan of the universal ChaBing

　　高74厘米,宽146.4厘米、厚1.8厘米,插屏整个画面以我国传统题材"龙"为主题,9条翠绿色巨龙,在白茫茫的云海里恣意翻滚,气势磅礴,是当今世界最高大的一个翡翠插屏。 　　这四件玉雕作品于1990年获国务院嘉奖和中国工艺美术百花奖“珍品”金杯奖。

High 74 cm wide, 146.4 centimeters thick 1.8 centimeters, ChaBing the whole picture in China's traditional theme "dragon" as its theme, 9 emerald dragons, in the white clouds in affairs-arbitrary tumbling, ever-roaring, is the world's tallest a jade ChaBing. These four things jade carving works in 1990 by the state council praise and the Chinese arts and crafts "baihua" treasure "we.

编辑本段《机巧魔神》中的翡翠

Edit this paragraph the cleverness moshen. "the jade

　　翡翠（ヒスイ） 　　演操者:佐伯玲士郎、副葬处女:哀音 　　能力:极低温化 　　浅绿色的魔神。 　　可以高频率释放出接近绝对零度的极低温，「冰冻音色」的能力，有着冰弹，吹雪，冰壁，冻结等丰富多彩的战术。 　　召唤词： 　　出ろ、机巧魔神―-翡翠！ 　　出来，机巧魔神―-翡翠！ 　　咒文： 　　比べて暗く静かな氷海中を还すことに熟睡して、すぐ科学音色中の影と冻っている 　　于黑暗寂静的冰海之中沉眠，将科学音色之中的影子冻结！

Hisui (ヒ ス イ) play fuck person: assist "ling and lang, vice buried virgin: the ai sound ability: extremely low temperature change pale moshen. Can high frequency release near absolute zero of extremely low temperature, "frozen tone" ability, has frostbolt, blow snow, BingBi, frozen colorful tactics. Summon words: a ろ, cleverness fiend - emerald! Come out, cleverness fiend - emerald! The mantras: べ て dark than く static か な 氷 sea を also す こ と に sleeping て, し す ぐ science in と frozen の shadow timbre っ て い る in dark quiet sleep and the science of sea ice in the shadow of the timbre freeze!

编辑本段翡翠的寓意

Edit this section emerald ciety

人物篇

Characters article

　　1、如来：即如来佛，是万佛之组。有通天彻地的本领。 　　2、达摩：达摩面壁九年修行，有“面壁九年成正果，风风火火渡江来”的说法。是中国禅宗的初祖。常有达摩渡江，达摩过海，达摩面壁等造型。 　　3、佛：佛可保佑平安，寓意有福（佛）相伴。常取材于大肚弥勒佛造型，是解脱烦恼的化身——开口便笑， 笑，天下可笑之人，大肚能容，容天下难容之事。 　　4、观音：观音慈悲普渡众生，是救苦救难的化身。 　　5、钟馗：扬善驱邪。常有钟馗捉鬼的造型。 　　6、财神：招财进宝之意。 　　7、八仙：八仙过海各显其能，八仙庆寿。八仙是张果老、吕洞宾、韩湘子、何仙姑、李铁拐、钟离、曹国舅、蓝采和。有时用八仙持的神物法器寓意八仙或八宝。八种法器是葫芦、扇子、鱼鼓、花篮、阴阳板、横笛、荷花、宝剑。 　　8、罗汉：有18罗汉、108罗汉造型。均是驱邪镇恶的护身神灵。 　　9、寿星老：寓意长寿。 　　10、刘海：与铜钱或蟾一起寓意刘海戏金蟾或叫仙童献宝。 　　11、弥勒佛：惩恶扬善，开口便笑天下可笑之人，打肚能容天下事！

1, Buddha: namely Buddha, Buddha is million group. Have the ability. Chester tongtian 2, dharma: Damocles faced with "nine years practice, founded in fruit, FengFengHuoHuo stand nine crossing to" view. China is at the beginning of zen fathers. Often dharma, dharma cross-harbour crossing, Damocles faced modelling such as. 3, Buddha: Buddha can bless peace, implies blessed (Buddha) companions. Often drawn from the big stomach pleasure modelling, it is freedom from worry incarnate - openings and smile and smile, all ridiculous, tatu accommodate, let the world can hardly contain the matter. Four, the goddess of mercy: guanyin mercy purdue beings, is the meaning of bitterness incarnation. 5, doors: reward good spirits. Often catch the modelling of ghost doors. 6, mammon: a thriving business of idea. Seven, eight immortals: eight GeXianJiNeng, eight immortals kei cheer. Pat is zhang guo3 lao3, lu dongbin, HanXiangZi, HeXianGu, li3 tie3 turn, clock from, cao GuoJiu, blue mining and. Sometimes use eight immortals held sacred religious implication pat or sweet. Eight kinds of skulls is gourd, fans, YuGu &baskets, Yin and Yang board, moonlit, lotus, sword. 8 and arhat: 18 arhat, 108 arhat modelling. All is exorcisms town evil protego deity. 9, ginseng.longevity old: moral longevity. 10, bang: with copper or toads together JinChan or call implication bang play XianTong dedicate a treasure.the. 11 and punishing evildoers, open and pleasure: laugh all ridiculous, dozen belly can let concern!

动物篇

Animal article

　　1、龙：祥瑞的化身，与凤一起寓意成双成对或龙凤呈祥。 　　2、凤：祥瑞的化身，与太阳梧桐一起寓意丹凤朝阳。 　　3、羊：洋洋得意，三只羊寓意三阳开泰。 　　4、羲之爱鹅。王羲之是晋代书法家,从家鹅游水中悟出用笔之法,于是养成爱鹅之癖。 　　5、蝉：一鸣惊人。 　　6、熊：与鹰一起寓意英雄斗志。 　　7、虾：弯弯顺。 　　8、龟：平安龟或长寿龟。与鹤一起寓意龟鹤同寿。带角神龟即长寿龟。龟也代表了坚定。 　　9、蟾：蟾与钱谐音，常见蟾口中衔铜钱，寓意富贵有钱。与桂树一起寓意蟾宫折桂。常有三脚蟾与四脚蟾之造型。 　　10、仙鹤：寓意延年益寿。鹤有一品鸟之称，又意一品当朝或高升一品。与松树一起寓意松鹤延年。与鹿和梧桐寓意鹤鹿同春。 　　11、獾子：寓意欢欢喜喜。 　　12、狮子：表示勇敢，两个狮子寓意事事如意。一大一小狮子寓意太师少师，意即位高权重。 　　13、喜鹊：两只喜鹊寓意双喜，和獾子一起寓意欢喜。和豹子一起寓意报喜。喜鹊和莲在一起寓意喜得连科。 　　14、驯鹿：福禄之意。与官人一起寓意加官受禄。 　　15、麒麟：麒麟送子。祥瑞兽，只在太平盛世出现。 　　16、蝙蝠：寓意福到。五个福寓意五福临门。和铜钱在一起寓意福在眼前。与日出或海浪一起寓意福如东海。 　　17、貔貅：据说貔貅是龙王的九太子，它的主食是金银财宝，自然浑身宝气 , 因此深得玉皇大帝与龙王的宠爱。不过，吃多了要拉肚子。有一天，忍不住而随地便溺，惹玉皇大帝生气了，一巴掌打下去, 结果打到屁股, **就被封住了。从此，金银财宝只进不出。这个典故传开来之后, 貔貅就被视为招财进宝的祥兽了。貔貅的习性懒懒地喜欢睡觉，每天最好把他拿起来摸一摸，玩一玩，好象要叫醒他一样，财运就会跟着来。据记载，貔貅是一种猛兽，为古代五大瑞兽之一（龙、凤、龟、麒麟、貔貅），称为招财神兽。貔貅曾为古代两种氏族的图腾。传说帮助炎黄二帝作战有功，被赐封为“天禄兽”，即天赐福禄之意。它专为帝王守护财宝，称为“帝宝”。又因貔貅喜食猛兽邪灵，故又称“辟邪”。中国古代风水学者认为貔貅是转祸为祥的吉瑞之兽。貔貅有二十六种造型，七七四十九个化身，其口大，腹大，无肛门，只吃不拉，象征揽八方之财，只进不出，同时可以镇宅辟邪，专为主人聚财掌权。古贤认为，命是注定的，但运程可以改变，故民间有“一摸貔貅运程旺盛，再摸貔貅财运滚滚，三摸貔貅平步青云”的美好祝愿。 　　18、大象：寓意吉祥或喜象。与瓶一起寓意太平有象。 　　19、鲤鱼：鲤鱼跳龙门。龙头鱼寓意平步青云、飞黄腾达。 　　20、金鱼：寓意金玉满堂。 　　21、螭龙：传说中没有角的龙，又叫螭虎。 　　22、猴子：猴骑于马上寓意马上封侯。与印一起寓意封侯挂印。大猴背小猴寓意代代封侯。 　　23、雄鸡：吉祥如意，常带五只小鸡寓意五子登科。 　　24、螃蟹、甲壳虫：富甲天下。 　　25、蜘蛛、海螺：知足常乐。 　　26、鹌鹑：平安如意。和菊花、落叶一起寓意安居乐业。 　　27、鳌鱼：龙头鱼身,是鲤鱼误吞龙珠而变成。寓意独占鳌头。 　　28、壁虎：必得幸福。 　　29、青蛙：呱呱来财。 　　30、鼠：代表了顽强生命力，鼠聚财的本领也是数一数二的。和钱在一起，代表数钱。 　　31、十二生肖：护身符、辟邪，祈求平安和幸福。 　　32、鹦鹉：成双成对，美满和睦之意。

1, dragon: auspicious incarnate, fung with together implication in pairs or longfeng ChengXiang. 2 and phoenix: auspicious incarnate, together with the sun. DanFeng chaoyang wutong moral 3, sheep: triumphantly, three sheep implication three Yang kaitai. 4, xihe love goose. Wang xizhi is jin calligrapher, from the goose in swimming the law, and realize the pen of love goose cultivation wanderlust. 5 and cicada: blockbuster. 6 and bear: and the eagle with moral hero morale. 7, shrimp: curved smoothly. 8, turtle: peace turtle or longevity turtle. And nahor together with moral turtle crane cheer. With horns turtle namely longevity turtle. Turtle also represent the firm. 9, toad: toads and money homophonic, common toads mouth, meaning riches and honour copper calliantha money. Together with cinnamon ChanGong moral row. Often tripods toads and four feet modelling of the toads. 10 and crane: moral prolong life. Crane, and have known bird yipin current dynasty or promotion means yipin products. With pine trees with moral pine and crane doctors away. And the deer and wutong implication crane deer with spring. 11, badger: moral with joy. 12, lion: indicates the brave, two lions implies the best. One big one small lion implication TaiShi less division, which means that a powerful. 13, magpie: two magpie implication, and badger together moral double joy. And the leopard together implication share. The magpies and Ephraim together implication hydergine even division. 14, reindeer: ferro meaning. Together with JiaGuan by eloth officer person implication. 15, kylin: kirin SongZi. Auspicious beast, only in peaceful golden appear. 16, bat: moral blessing to. Five f meaning five blessings. And penny together implication blessing in sight. With sunrise or waves. FuRuDongHai moral together, 17 and the mythical wild animal: it is said that the mythical wild animal is the dragon king nine taizi, it is the staple of treasure, natural gas, therefore all treasure jade emperor and deep dragon king's favor. However, eat many to have diarrhea. One day, unbearable but anywhere relieve yourself, offend jade emperor angry, a slap down, result hit bottom, * * is sealed. From then on, gold and silver only into out. This literary reference spread later, the mythical wild animal will be seen as a thriving business of auspicious beast. The mythical wild animal behavior lazily likes to sleep. Every day he lifted it best to touch and a play, as if to wake him up as finances may follow. According to records, the mythical wild animal is a beast of prey, ancient one of five for RuiShou (dragon and phoenix, turtle, kylin, the mythical wild animal), called plutus god beast. The mythical wild animal have worked for the ancient two clan of totem. Legend help burning huang2 er4 di4 combat magnanimity, be given dubbed "the days Paul beast", namely days blessed eloth meaning. It is specially designed for the imperial guard treasure, called "the emperor treasure". And because the mythical wild animal like eating beast evil spirits, so it is also called "exorcise evil spirits". Ancient Chinese feng shui scholars think the mythical wild animal is turn evil for the residence of the cheung beasts. The mythical wild animal 26 kinds of modelling, 7749 a incarnation, its mouth wide, big belly, without the anus, eating only pull, symbol of wealth, only embrace directions into out, meanwhile may town curtilage exorcise evil spirits, designed primarily people mo in power. GuXian think, life is doomed, but YunCheng can change, therefore, folk have "a touch the mythical wild animal YunCheng exuberant, to touch the mythical wild animal finances rolling, three touch the mythical wild animal reemergence" good wishes. 18, elephant: symbolizes good fortune or hi elephant. Together with the taiping as moral bottle. 19, carp: carps jumping over the dragon gate. Bibcock fish implication reemergence, make a meteoric rise. 20, goldfish: moral jinyu bunch. 21, chi dragon: legend without horn dragon, also called chi tiger. 22, monkeys: monkey ride at once, meaning immediately sealing hou. And India together. GuaYin implication sealing hou Big monkey monkey implication from sealing back hou. Rooster: 23, luck and often took five chicks implication WuZiDengKe. 24, crab, beetles: rich enjoys. 25, spiders, conch: contented mind is perpetual feast. 26, quail: peace flexibly. And chrysanthemum and leaves with moral live happily ever after. 27, which relate to the fish: bibcock filleting, is carp mistakenly swallow the dragon and become. Moral pulls ahead. 28, gecko: will be happy. 29, frog: quack to gain. 30 and rat: represents vitality, rats mo ability is one of the highest. And the money together, delegates money. 31, Chinese zodiac: amulets, exorcise evil spirits, pray for peace and happiness. 32, parrot: in pairs, perfect harmony of idea.

植物篇

Plant article

　　1、兰花：与桂花一起寓意兰桂齐芳，即子孙优秀的意思，兰花也象征了品性高洁。 　　2、梅花：和喜鹊在一起寓意喜上眉梢。松竹梅一起寓意岁寒三友。 　　3、寿桃：长寿祝福。 　　4、豆角：四季发财豆，也称之为福豆。 　　5、葫芦：福禄之意。 　　6、佛手：福寿之意。 　　7、百合：百年好合。与藕一块称之为“佳偶天成。百年好合”。 　　8、麦穗：岁岁平安。 　　9、莲荷：寓意出淤泥而不然。与梅花一起寓意和和美美。和鲤鱼一起寓意连年有余。和桂花一起连生贵子。一对莲蓬寓意并蒂同心。 　　10、竹子：平安竹，富贵竹。竹报平安或节节高升。 　　11、柿子：事事如意。 　　12、石榴：榴开百子，多子多福。 　　13、牡丹：富贵牡丹，与瓶子一起寓意富贵平安。 　　14、菱角：寓意伶俐，和葱在一起寓意聪明伶俐。 　　15、花生：长生不老之意。 　　16、树叶：事业有成。 　　17、缠枝莲：寓意富贵缠身。 　　18、四季花：四季平安。

1, orchid: and LanGuiJi aromatic osmanthus together implication, namely sons excellent meaning, orchid and also represents the character jie. 2, the plum flower: and the magpies together implication beaming. Shochiku studio mei together implication in chilly weather. Age 3, a peach-shaped: longevity blessing. 4, string beans: four seasons rich beans, also called blessed beans. 5, gourd: ferro meaning. 6, berganottin: ampullarium meaning. 7, lily: roses: harmonious. 与藕一块称之为“佳偶天成。百年好合”。 　　8、麦穗：岁岁平安。 　　9、莲荷：寓意出淤泥而不然。与梅花一起寓意和和美美。和鲤鱼一起寓意连年有余。和桂花一起连生贵子。一对莲蓬寓意并蒂同心。 　　10、竹子：平安竹，富贵竹。竹报平安或节节高升。 　　11、柿子：事事如意。 　　12、石榴：榴开百子，多子多福。 　　13、牡丹：富贵牡丹，与瓶子一起寓意富贵平安。 　　14、菱角：寓意伶俐，和葱在一起寓意聪明伶俐。 　　15、花生：长生不老之意。 　　16、树叶：事业有成。 　　17、缠枝莲：寓意富贵缠身。 　　18、四季花：四季平安。

其他

其他

　　1、宝瓶：或花瓶，寓意平安。与鹌鹑和如意在一起寓意平安如意。与钟铃一起寓意众生平安。 　　2、风筝：寓意青云直上或春风得意。 　　3、平安扣：平平安安。 　　4、路路通：各路畅通。 　　5、磬：寓意喜庆。 　　6、谷钉纹：青铜器和古玉器常用的纹饰，寓意五谷丰登、生活富足。 　　7、宜子孙：玉佩中常用的文字。萱草即忘忧草亦有宜子孙之意。 　　8、百鸟图：寓意百鸟朝凤。 　　9、洞天一品：太湖石造型。宋朝书法家米芾喜爱的一块太湖石名洞天一品。寓意书香门第，品性高远。 　　10、枯木逢春：玉石雕刻成朽木和新芽。 　　11、花好月圆：牡丹花和月亮。 　　12、麒麟献书：孔子救麒麟得天书、努力学习终成圣人。 　　13、君子之交：灵芝和兰草。 　　14、一品清廉：一茎莲花或一茎荷叶。 　　15、苍龙教子：一大一小两条龙或鲤鱼跳龙门、龙头鱼等皆为此意。 　　16、平升三级：花瓶中插三只戟。又有吉庆有余之意。 　　17、官上加官：鸡冠花上站蝈蝈或雄鸡和鸡冠花。 　　18、指日高升：鹤高飞日出或官人指太阳。 　　19、连中三元：常用荔枝、桂圆、核桃表示连中三元，即解元、会元、状元。 　　20、状元及第：常以童子骑龙图表示。 　　21、麻姑献寿：传说中的仙女，常用于祝贺女寿诞者。 　　22、文姬归汉：塞外的荒凉，一代风流才女欲去还休那难舍难分的历史瞬间，被定格在那如泣如诉的“胡笳十八拍”的幽咽中。 　　23、昭君出塞：传说王昭君是天上的仙女，来平息汉匈长年的战乱。昭君的下嫁在北方草原出现久违的太平盛世。 　　24、苏武牧羊：苏武荒原牧羊十九年，始终威武不屈、正义凛然。表现出崇高的民族气节。 　　25、岁寒三友：松、竹、梅。寓意患难挚友。 　　26、踏雪寻梅：雪景、梅花、人物。 　　27、犀牛望月：寓意翘首企盼。 　　28、仙山对弈：山野中老者对弈。

　　1、宝瓶：或花瓶，寓意平安。与鹌鹑和如意在一起寓意平安如意。与钟铃一起寓意众生平安。 　　2、风筝：寓意青云直上或春风得意。 　　3、平安扣：平平安安。 　　4、路路通：各路畅通。 　　5、磬：寓意喜庆。 　　6、谷钉纹：青铜器和古玉器常用的纹饰，寓意五谷丰登、生活富足。 　　7、宜子孙：玉佩中常用的文字。萱草即忘忧草亦有宜子孙之意。 　　8、百鸟图：寓意百鸟朝凤。 　　9、洞天一品：太湖石造型。宋朝书法家米芾喜爱的一块太湖石名洞天一品。寓意书香门第，品性高远。 　　10、枯木逢春：玉石雕刻成朽木和新芽。 　　11、花好月圆：牡丹花和月亮。 　　12、麒麟献书：孔子救麒麟得天书、努力学习终成圣人。 　　13、君子之交：灵芝和兰草。 　　14、一品清廉：一茎莲花或一茎荷叶。 　　15、苍龙教子：一大一小两条龙或鲤鱼跳龙门、龙头鱼等皆为此意。 　　16、平升三级：花瓶中插三只戟。又有吉庆有余之意。 　　17、官上加官：鸡冠花上站蝈蝈或雄鸡和鸡冠花。 　　18、指日高升：鹤高飞日出或官人指太阳。 　　19、连中三元：常用荔枝、桂圆、核桃表示连中三元，即解元、会元、状元。 　　20、状元及第：常以童子骑龙图表示。 　　21、麻姑献寿：传说中的仙女，常用于祝贺女寿诞者。 　　22、文姬归汉：塞外的荒凉，一代风流才女欲去还休那难舍难分的历史瞬间，被定格在那如泣如诉的“胡笳十八拍”的幽咽中。 　　23、昭君出塞：传说王昭君是天上的仙女，来平息汉匈长年的战乱。昭君的下嫁在北方草原出现久违的太平盛世。 　　24、苏武牧羊：苏武荒原牧羊十九年，始终威武不屈、正义凛然。表现出崇高的民族气节。 　　25、岁寒三友：松、竹、梅。寓意患难挚友。 　　26、踏雪寻梅：雪景、梅花、人物。 　　27、犀牛望月：寓意翘首企盼。 　　28、仙山对弈：山野中老者对弈。

编辑本段图书《翡翠》

编辑本段图书《翡翠》

基本信息

基本信息

　　书 名：翡翠 　　作 者：郭颖 　　出版社：吉林出版集团有限责任公司 　　ISBN ：9787807627012 　　出版时间：2008-9-1 　　开 本：16开 　　定 价：49元 　　页 数：221

　　书 名：翡翠 　　作 者：郭颖 　　出版社：吉林出版集团有限责任公司 　　ISBN ：9787807627012 　　出版时间：2008-9-1 　　开 本：16开 　　定 价：49元 　　页 数：221

内容简介

内容简介

　　中国人对翡翠玉石的喜好自古有之。对翡翠的鉴赏主要集中在材质美、雕刻设计的创意美以及精雕细刻的工艺美等方面。好的翡翠工艺品或首饰能让人耳目一新，给人以舒适与美的譬享受。反之，劣质的翡翠材质、粗糙的雕工、鱼目混杂的仿制品则会让一件翡翠品大打折扣。因此，掌握一定的翡翠鉴定技巧，揭开翡翠鉴定的神秘面纱，对于翡翠爱好者与收藏者都是十分重要与必要的。 　　本书分莹润翡翠、风情饰品、纹饰工艺、鉴定识别、选购与保养这5个方面对翡翠定义、颜色分类、翠雕图案、翠雕工艺、选购要点、保养常识等进行了系统的阐述。

　　中国人对翡翠玉石的喜好自古有之。对翡翠的鉴赏主要集中在材质美、雕刻设计的创意美以及精雕细刻的工艺美等方面。好的翡翠工艺品或首饰能让人耳目一新，给人以舒适与美的譬享受。反之，劣质的翡翠材质、粗糙的雕工、鱼目混杂的仿制品则会让一件翡翠品大打折扣。因此，掌握一定的翡翠鉴定技巧，揭开翡翠鉴定的神秘面纱，对于翡翠爱好者与收藏者都是十分重要与必要的。 　　本书分莹润翡翠、风情饰品、纹饰工艺、鉴定识别、选购与保养这5个方面对翡翠定义、颜色分类、翠雕图案、翠雕工艺、选购要点、保养常识等进行了系统的阐述。

图书目录

图书目录

　　莹润翡翠 　　翡翠定义 　　翡翠其名 　　翡翠特征 　　形成与产地 　　翡翠成岩 　　主要产地 　　文化与传说 　　种分之别 　　老种 　　新种 　　玻璃种 　　冰种 　　糯化种 　　白地青种 　　花青种 　　油青种 　　芙蓉种 　　干青种

　　莹润翡翠 　　翡翠定义 　　翡翠其名 　　翡翠特征 　　形成与产地 　　翡翠成岩 　　主要产地 　　文化与传说 　　种分之别 　　老种 　　新种 　　玻璃种 　　冰种 　　糯化种 　　白地青种 　　花青种 　　油青种 　　芙蓉种 　　干青种